Module 2: Laboratory Safety Flashcards by sheyn grayz

Q

Six major categories of hazards

A

biological hazard
chemical hazard
electrical hazard
fire hazard
physical hazard
ergonomic hazard

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Q

Enacted by the US congress and became basis for many countries in to providing all employees including laboratory personnel a safe work environment

A

Occupational safety and Health Act

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Q

The governing body responsible for ensuring and monitoring the implementation of the
standards set by the OSH Act

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administrtion

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Q

Key elements for safe operation of a clinical laboratory

A

formal safety program
documented policies
identification kf hazards
recognition of relevant safety areas of concern

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Q

Key important safety items in the laboratory

A

proper clothing
gloves
eye protection
eye washer or face washer
chemical fume hood

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Q

Hazards that include all pathogen or disease-causing microorganisms

A

Biological hazards

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Q

Principle of Universal Precaution

A

treat all blood and blood contaminated sample as potentially infectious, but not pther bodily fluids not visibly contaminated

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Q

Principle of Standard precaution

A

Minimum practice applied to all patient care regardless of status of the patient including, hand hydpgiene, PPPE, cough etiquette, sharps safety, sterile instruments etc

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Q

Six Part Chain of Infection Model

A

Causative agent
Reservoir or source
Portal of exit 
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Person at risk

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Q

Three Part Chain of infection Model

A

Source
Transmisssion
Host

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

Biohazardous waste disposal

A

source

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

PPE

A

transmission

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

decontamination

A

source

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

aerosol prevention

A

transmission

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

specimen bagging

A

source

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

immunixation

A

host

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

sterile or disposable equipment

A

transmission

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

healthy lifesytle

A

host

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

pest control

A

transmission

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed:

exposure control plan

A

host

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Q

Identify which of the Three Part Model is being addressed

post exposure prophylaxis:

A

host

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Q

Developed for employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals, informing them of health risks associated with those chemicals

A

Right to Know Law

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Q

This is the major source of safety information for employees who may use hazardous materials and should be readily accessible.

A

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet

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Q

This is the major source of safety information for employees who may use hazardous materials and should be readily accessible.

A

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet

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What to do when: | Chemical contact with skin and eyes

flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes

Safety showers should be able to dispense:

30-50 gallons per minute at a pressure pf 20-50 psi

Acid and water mixture rule

add acid TO water

Fume hood face velocity

100-120 feet per minute

Store separately: | flammable liquids

flammable solid

Store separately: | organic acids

mineral acids

Store separately: | caustics

oxidizers

Store separately: | perchloric acid

water-reactive substances

Three thiingss stored separately from everything else

1. Air reactive substancw 2. heat reactive substance requiring refrigeration 3. unstable substances

Three thiingss stored separately from everything else

1. Air reactive substancw 2. heat reactive substance requiring refrigeration 3. unstable substances

Required by OSHA to be present at workplaces that handles hazardous chemicals

Chemical Hygiene Plan

A chemical hygieme plan contains the following information:

1. standard operating procedures 2. utilization of ppe 3. engineering controls 4. employee training requirements 5. medical consultation guidelines

A chemical hygieme plan contains the following information:

1. standard operating procedures 2. utilization of ppe 3. engineering controls 4. employee training requirements 5. medical consultation guidelines

Responsible for documenting and implementing the chemical hygiene plan

Chemical Hygiene Officer

Refers to susbtances injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and GIT if inhaled or ingested.

Corrosive

Cancer-causing chemicals

carcinogenic

Substances that can cause developmental malformations

teratogenic

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

reactive

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

reactive

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

reactive

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

reactive

Substances that, under certain conditions, can spontaneously explode or ignite

reactive

temperature at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air.

flash point

Has a flash point below 37°C or 100F (ability to burn easily at normal working temperature)

Flammable

has a flash point at 37°C (100F) or above (ability to burn at temperatures that are usually above normal working temperature)

Combustible liquid

A chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of a combustible material or fuel, with the subsequent liberation of heat and light.

Fire

Components of the fire tetrahedron

a. Fuel b. Heat or ignition source c. Oxygen (air) d. Uninhibited reaction

Components of the fire tetrahedron

a. Fuel b. Heat or ignition source c. Oxygen (air) d. Uninhibited reaction

provides a quick visual representation of the health hazard, flammability, reactivity, and special hazards

NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) diamond or symbol

Color found at the top of the NFPA diamond

red

Red in NFPA symbolizes:

Flammability

Color found at the right of the NFPA diamond

yellow

Yellow in the NFPA diamond represents

reactivity or instability

Color found at the bottom of the NFPA diamond

White

White in the NFPA diamon represents

special hazards

Color found at the left of the NFPA diamond

blue

Blue in the NFPA diamond represents :

Health hazards

0 BLUE

No health hazard

1 BLUE

Cause significant irritatiom

2 BLUE

cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury

3 BLUE

can cause serious or permanent injury

4 BLUE

Can be lethal

0 RED

will not burn

1 RED

> 200F | must be preheated before ignition can occur

2 RED

>100F | must be heated or high ambient temp to burn

3 RED

<100F | can be ignited under almost all ambient temp

4F

<73F | will vaporize and readily burn at normal temp

1 YELLOW

Stable

1 YELLOW

Normally stable except high temperature

2 YELLOW

violent chemica. change at high temp or pressure

3 YELLOW

May explode at high temp or shock

4 YELLOW

May explode at normal temp or pressure

ALK

alkaline

ACID

Acidic

COR

Corrosive

OX

Oxidizing

☢️

radioactive

₩

reacts violently or explosively wiyh water

₩OX

reacts violently with water and oxidizing

Classification of Fire: | Ordinary combustibles: wood, paper, cloth, plastic

CLASS A

Classification of Fire: | Flammable liquids/gases, gasoline, paint, petroleum

CLASS B

Classification of Fire: | Energized electrical Equipment, motor, switches

CLASS C

Classification of Fire: | Combustible/reactive metals: Mg, Na, K

CLASS D

Classification of Fire: | Liquids used in food preparation such as grease, animal, & vegetable oil

CLASS K

Fire Extinguisher Classes: | soda and acid or water to cool fire

CLASS A extinguisher

Fire Extinguisher Classes: | foam, dry chemical, CO2

CLASS B extinguisher

Fire Extinguisher Classes: | dry chemical, carbin dioxide, halon, non conducting agents to smother fire

CLASS C extinyuisher

Fire Extinguisher Classes: | dry chemical reagent

CLASS ABC extinguishers

Fire Extinguisher Classes: | potassium based alkaline liquid specificlly formulated to gpfight high temperature without splashing

CLASS K

fire extinguisher for CLASS A fires

A, ABC

fire extinguisher for CLASS B fires

B, C, ABC

fire extinguisher for CLASS C fires

B, C, ABC, | BEST: Halon

fire extinguisher for CLASS D fires

Metal X

fire extinguisher for CLASS K fires

K

What to do in case of fire?

R-escue A-larm C-ontain E-xtinguish/ Exit

How to properly use Fire extinguisher

P- ull the pin A- aim nozzle at the BASE of the fire S- squeeze the handle or trigger S- sweep nozzle side to side

examples of physical hazards

heavy electrical equipment compressed gases improperly placed machines

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from Radiofrequency coil in ICP mass spectrometer

low frequency, 1 cm, engineered shielding and posted pacemaker warning

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from Energy Beam microwave used in tissue staining

Microwaves, 0.3cm - 30 cm, engineered shielding

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from heat lamp and lasers

infrared, 750 nm- 0.3 cm, containment and warning labels

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from genneral illumination amd glare

visible spectrum: 400-750 nm, filters, diffusers, nonreflecrive surfaces

Type, wavelength and protective measures for non ionizing radiation from germicidal lamps in biological safety cabintes

UV, 4-400 nm, eye and skin protection, warning labels

Color-coded garbages: | generl wastes, dry, non infectious

BLACK

Color-coded garbages: | wet, non infectious waste

GREEN

Color-coded garbages: | Wet imfeectious wastes

YELLOW

Color-coded garbages: | sharps

RED (puncture proof containers)

Color-coded garbages: | radioactive wastes

ORANGE

Color-coded garbages: | chemical wastes

YELLOW WITH BLACK BAND

Decontamination solution:

5% lysol 10% sodium hypochlorite 15 MINUTES

disinfection that should be performed daily

sink disinfection with 1:5 or 1:10 sodium hypochlorite

effectivity of sodium hypochlorite stored in plastic bottles

one month if protected from light

proper donning of PPE

1. Gown 2. Mask 3. Goggles 4. Gloves

proper doffing of PPE

1. gloves 2. gown 3. goggles 4. mask

BLOOD SPILL procedures

1. protect immediate area 2. wear PPE 3. use mechanical device for sharps 4. paper towel, gauze pad, tissue to absorb the spill 5. 10% bleach fro 20 minutes 6. dispose in biohazard container 7. dispose gloves

Necessary for medical workers including medical technologists who often extract blood from patients.

Hepa B vaccines

A requirement for the employer to maintain confidential medical records on each employee with occupational exposure

medical records

Medical Records must include

Employee name Social Security number HBV vaccination statua

A requirement for the employer to keep a log of injuries from contaminated sharps.

Sharps injury log

sharps injury log must contain

Employee name date, where, and how incident occured type and brand of device involved

single most effective way of controlling the spread of infectious diseases

proper handwashing