Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry > Module 3d: Chromatography > Flashcards

Module 3d: Chromatography Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the group of techniques used to separate complex mixtures on the basis of different physical and chemical interactions between the compounds and the stationary phase.

A

Chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Four basic components in any chromatographic technique:

A
  1. stationary phase
  2. mobile phase
  3. column
  4. eluate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Component that carries the complex mixture (sample)

A

mobile phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

component which can either be solid or liquid through which the mobile phase flows

A

stationary phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

component that holds the stationary phase

A

column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The separated components

A

eluent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 separation mechanisms of chromatography

A
  1. ion-exchange
  2. partition
  3. adsorption
  4. size exclusion
  5. affinity mechanisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Separation mechanism that is based on the differences or magnitude of their ionic charge.

A

ion-exchange chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An exchangable ion found in close proximity with the fixed charge to maintain electrochemical neutrality.

A

counterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ion exchange chromatography used primarily for strongly acidic groups

A

Cation-exchange particles

acids have high H+ that can exchange with negatively charged stationary phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ion exchange chromatography used primarily for strongly basic quarternary amines with positive charges.

A

anion exchange packings

basic solutions have less H+ and adhere to negatively charged stationary phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chromatography involving separation of solutes based on their differential distribution of between two immiscible liquids

A

partition chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

partition chromatography separates solutes based on

A

the difference in solubility of the solute molecules between the stationary and mobile phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Partition chromatography is classified into

A

gas liquid chromatography

liquid liquid chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Liquid liquid chromatography is further classified into:

A

normal phase

reverse phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal phase LLC has

A

stationary - polar

mobile - non- polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reverse phase LLC has

A

stationary - non polar

mobile - polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Version of partition chromatography wherein analytes elute in order of increasing polarity

A

hydrophilic interaction chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Separation technique based on the differences between the adsorption and desorption of solutes at the surface of a solid.

A

Adsorptiom chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adsorption chromatography is also known as

A

liquid- solid chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In adsorption chromatography, the molecules that are most soluble in the mobile phase move the ___________

A

fastest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Separation method based on the molecular sizes and shape

A

Size exclusion/ steric exclusion chromatography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In size exclusion chromatography, the molecules that remain entirely in the mobile phase are large or small??

A

large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Process where hydrophilic gel isused in separation of enzymes, antibodies and proteins.

A

Gel filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
example of hydrophilic gels
dextran | agarose
26
Process where hydrophobic gel is used to separate triglycerides and fatty acids
Gel permeation
27
example of hydrophobic gels
sephadex
28
separation method that uses the the unique and specific biological interaction of the analyte and ligand
affinity chromatography
29
Two forms of chromatography
planar | column
30
two types of planar chromatography
1. paper chromatography (PC) | 2. thin layer chromatography (TLC)
31
type of paper commonly used in paper chromatography
Whatman paper
32
separation mechanism in paper chromatography
normal phase partition | non polar mobile phase, polar stationary phase
33
Applications of papaer chromatography
fractionation of sugar and amino acid
34
Thinl layer chromatography setup is consist of
thin layer of silica gel coated on glass plate
35
separation method of thin layer chromatography
Any mode depending on the sorbent or thin layer and solvent applied
36
Migration of solutes in PC and TLC is expressed as
Retention Factor (Rf) value solute migration/ solvent migration
37
Two categories of column chromatography
gas chromatography | liquid chromatography
38
Column chromatography which usually provides higher resolution due to much longer columns and higher linear flow rate
Gas chromatography
39
Column chromatography of choice for volatile components, including analytes of lower molecular weight.
gas chromtography
40
column chromatography usually used for larger molecules like peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and large polymers.
liquid chromatography
41
Setup of Gas chromatography
mobile phase: gas | statiomary phase: nonvolatile liquid bonded to the surface of capillary
42
examples of carrier gases (typically inert)
N, He, Ar
43
In gas chromatography, molecules that are ______ spend more time in the gas phase
more volatile with higher pressure
44
two types of gas chromatography
Gas solid chromatography | gas liquid chromatography
45
Basic components of a gas chromatograph
1. carrier gas with flow controller 2. injector or inlet 3. chromatographic column 4. column oven 5. detector 6. computer
46
Two types of chromatographic column in gas chromatograph
packed column | capillary column
47
These columns can be filled with uncoated support particles.
packed column
48
carrier gas most usually used for packed columns
nitrogen
49
Chromatographic column which whose fused silica tubular columns are wall-coated with a thin film of liquid phase. They are very efficient but have low sample capacities.
Capillary column
50
carrier gas usually used for capillary column
high purity hydrogen or helium
51
Most commonly used detector for gas chromatography clinical analysis because of its simplicity, reliability, versatility, sensitivity and ease of operation.
flame ionization detector
52
Column chromatography that is based on the distribution of solutes between a liquid mobile phase and a stationary phase
liquid chromatography
53
most widely used form of LC where particles of small diameter are employed as the stationary phase support
High performance liquid chromatography
54
Basic components of a liquid chromatograph
1. solvent reservoir 2. pumps 3. injector 4. chromatographic column 5. column oven 6. online detector 7. computer
55
Identify type of chromatography: | Important tool for monitoring drugs and their metabolites.
LC
56
Identify type of chromatography: | Identify and quantify such drugs as alcohol, used in forensics to compare fibers found on a victim
GC
57
Identify type of chromatography: Detecting pesticide or insecticide residues in food, also used in forensics to analyze the dye composition of fibers
TLC
58
Identify type of chromatography: | Separating amino acids and anions, RNA, fingerprinting, separating and testing histamines, antibiotics
PC
59
Used to analyze metal ions and organic compounds in solutions using liquids which may incorporate hydrophilic, insoluble molecules.
LC
60
Used to analyze volatile gases where Helium is used to move the gaseous mixture through a column of absorbent material
GC
61
Simple and rapid method to check the purity of the organic compound using an absorbent material on flat glass plates
TLC
62
Most common type of chromatography which uses capillary action to pull the solutes up
PC
63
Considered as the gold standard for drug testing
GC- MS
64
Used for xenobiotics, anabolic steroids and pesticides.
GC-MS
65
Drugs are detected through the presence of
decomposition fragments
66
Has great potential for measuring low-level and mixed-polarity analytes such as vitamin D, testosterone, and immunosuppressant drugs
LC- MS

Clinical Chemistry (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions