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LAB spectrophotometry Flashcards

1
Q

factors affecting light source

A 
range
spectral distribution within the range
source of radiant production
stability of radiant energy
temperature
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2
Q

two light sources

A

incandescent lamps

LASER

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3
Q

most common light source for visible region and near infrared

A

tungsten lamp

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4
Q

two forms of tungsten lamps

A

tungsten iodide

incandescent tungsten

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5
Q

inserted between lamp and sample for absorption of infrared radiation

A

heat absorbing filter

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6
Q

increases lifetime of tungsten lamp

A

iodine or bromine vapor

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7
Q

4 lamps used for measurement in the UV region

A

deuterium discharge lamp
hydrogen lamp
mercury-arc lamp
xenon lamp

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8
Q

deuterium discharge lamps emit continuous spectra down to _____

A

165 nm

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9
Q

has less stable and shorter life that deuterium discharge

A

hydrogen lamp

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10
Q

three types of mercury arc lamp

A

low pressure mercury arc lamp
medium pressure mercury arc lamp
high pressure mercury arc lamp

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11
Q

emits a sharp line for UV and visible regions

A

low pressure mercury arc lamp

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12
Q

used for calibration purposes only

A

low pressure emrcury arc lamp

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13
Q

has a continuum from UV to mid visible region

A

medium and high pressure mercury arc lamp

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14
Q

meaning of LASER

A

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

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15
Q

laser characteristics

A

extremely intense
focused
non divergent light

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16
Q

wavelength of laser:

argon fluoride

A

193 nm/ 248 nm

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17
Q

wavelength of laser:

helium cadmium

A

325 nm / 442 nm

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18
Q

wavelength of laser:

nitrogen

A

337 nm

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19
Q

wavelength of laser:

argon blue

A

488 nm

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20
Q

wavelength of laser:

argon (green)

A

514 nm

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21
Q

wavelength of laser:

helium- neon (green)

A

543 nm

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22
Q 
wavelength of laser:
helium neon (red)
A

633 nm

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23
Q

minimizes and prevents entry of stray light into monochromator

A

entrance slit

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24
Q

isolates a specific wavelength of light

A

monochromator

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25
monochromators are characterized with a specific : ?
bandpass
26
range of wavelengths permitted to impinge on the sample
bandpass
27
what is bandpass
width at more than half the maximum transmittance
28
three kinds of monochromators
filters prisms gratings
29
4 kinds of filters
colored glass filter sharp cut off filter narrow bandpass filter interference filters
30
colored glass filters are also known as
wide bandpass filter
31
bandwidth of colored glass filters
50 nm
32
not precise and has low transmittance of selected wavelength
colored glass filters
33
eliminates lighg below a given wavelength
sharp cut off filter
34
sharp rise in transmittance over a narrow portion of spectrum
sharp cut off filter
35
2 or more sharp cut off filters and regular filters
narrow bandpass filters
36
utilizes constructive interference
interference filters
37
Cancelling out of undesired wavelengths
interference filters
38
interference filters transmit: ?
harmonics
39
interference filters require utilization of ?
accessory cut-off filters
40
Separates white light into continuous spectrum by refractio
prism
41
wavelength that is refracted by prism
shorter wavelength
42
wavelength that passes through prism
longer wavelength
43
most commonly utilized monochromator
diffraction gratings
44
have parallel grooves etched onto a polished surface
diffraction grating
45
Allows passage of the isolated wavelength to the sample
exit slit
46
cuvets applied in visible range only
glass cuvets
47
cuvets applied in UV range only
quartz cuvets
48
cuvet that is difficult to manufacture and etched to indicate position for use
round cuvet
49
cuvet with plane-parallel optical surfaces and constant light path
square cuvets
50
what makes square cuvette better than round
Less error from 1. lens effect 2. orientation in spectrophotometer 3. refraction
51
Convert transmitted radiant energy to electrical energy
photodetector
52
4 types of photodetectors
photocell phototube photomultiplier tube photodiode
53
another name for photocell
barrier layer cell
54
made up kf film of light sensitve material like slenium on a plate of iron with silver covering
photocell
55
disadvantages of photocell
curreny not easily amplified temperature sensitive not linera in hihh and low illumination
56
similar witho photocell im which it utilizes outside voltage
phototube
57
pjotosensitive cathode of phototube
rubidium, lithium
58
detects and amplifies radiant energy which makes it 200x more sensitive than phototube
photomultipler tube
59
gives off secondary electrons when hit bh a single electrode
dynodes or series of anodes
60
Reverse-biased positive-negative-junction diode
photodiode
61
1 array of photodiode
256- 2,0148 photodiodes
62
resolution of photodiode which is not as sensitive as PMT
1-2 nm
63
three variables in quality assurance
wavelength accuracy stray light linearity
64
variable where actual wavelength indicated is the wavelength passed by the monochromator
wavelength accuracy
65
how is stray light checked
Cut-off filters NiSO4 NaNO2 Acetone
66
variable where calibration curve should be a straight line
linearity
67
range of visible spectrophotometer
400- 700 nm
68
cuvettes used in visible spectrophotometer
plastic and glass cuvettes
69
range of UV spectrophotometers
180-400 nm
70
cuvettes used in UV spectrophotometers
quartz
71
raange of infrared spectrophotometers
700-15000 nm

Clinical Chemistry (14 decks)

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