Module 2: Writing/Drawing Organic Structures

Question 1

What are the different ways to represent an organic molecule?

Answer 1

Lewis Dot Formula
Line Bond/Kekule Formula
Condensed Formula
Line Angle/Skeletal Formula

Question 2

Shared pairs of e-

Answer 2

bonding pairs

Question 3

________________ show atoms and bonds that go into the page, behind the plane, away from you

Answer 3

dashed lines

Question 4

Atoms strive to have a full outer shell of eight electrons (or two for hydrogen and helium), known as an

Answer 4

octet

Question 5

Unshared pairs of e-

Answer 5

nonbonding pairs/ lone pairs

Question 6

The quantity of ____________ determines the element’s identity, known as the atomic number

Answer 6

protons

Question 7

It is crucial in chemical bonding and determining the properties of elements

Answer 7

electron

Question 8

These are found in the outermost shell of an atom and are crucial for chemical bonding

Answer 8

Valence electrons

Question 9

These elements form the backbone and functional groups of organic compounds, with carbon being the foundational element due to its ability to form complex structures

Answer 9

carbon (C)
hydrogen (H)
nitrogen (N)
oxygen (O)
phosphorus (P)
sulfur (S)

Question 10

This process happens in chemical reactions to achieve electron stability

Answer 10

Ionization

Question 11

Bonding electrons in covalent bonds are drawn as lines and ______________ are left out

Answer 11

lone pair electrons

Question 12

These are mainly located on the right side of the periodic table, except for hydrogen

Answer 12

nonmetals

Question 13

these are removed/omitted in the condensed structural formula

Answer 13

covalent bonds and lone pairs

Question 14

the only way for all atoms to have an octet is by having a _______________________

Answer 14

carbon-oxygen double bond

Question 15

They determine an element’s reactivity and bonding behavior

Answer 15

Valence electrons

Question 16

What are the six most important elements in organic chemistry?

Answer 16

carbon (C)
hydrogen (H)
nitrogen (N)
oxygen (O)
phosphorus (P)
sulfur (S)

Question 17

A shorthand representation of a molecule’s bonding using lines and chemical symbols of atoms other than C and H

Answer 17

Line Angle (Skeletal) Formula

Question 18

Varying numbers of neutrons in atoms of the same element result in ___________

Answer 18

isotopes

Question 19

These are attracted to positively charged ions (cations) and can form ionic compounds.

Answer 19

Anions

Question 20

It is a system of writing organic structures in a single line of text

Answer 20

Condensed Structural Formula

Question 21

These are the main actors in chemical reactions, forming bonds between atoms to create molecules and compounds

Answer 21

Electrons

Question 22

Which part of the periodic table contains metals?

Answer 22

groups 1-12 (IA to IIB) and 13-16 (IIIA to VIA), except for hydrogen

Question 23

It forms when one atom transfers electrons to another, creating positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions)

Answer 23

Ionic Bond

Question 24

Electron-dot representation for organic molecules

Answer 24

Lewis Dot Formula

Question 25

It is electrically neutral and contribute to nucleus stability

Answer 25

neutron

Question 26

_____________________ illustrate atoms and bonds that are in the same plane as the paper

Answer 26

straight lines

Question 27

Which part of the periodic table contains nonmetals?

Answer 27

right side of the periodic table, except for hydrogen, groups 14 to 18 (IVA to VIIIA)

Question 28

This carries a positive charge opposite to that of an electron

Answer 28

proton

Question 29

Bonding electrons in covalent bonds are drawn as lines and lone pair electrons are left out. Each of the atoms (C and H) is still shown in the structure.

Answer 29

Line Bond (Kekule) Formula

Question 30

What does it mean if the elements are in the same column in the periodic table?

Answer 30

share similar chemical properties same number of valence electrons

Question 31

It the fundamental unit of a chemical element

Answer 31

atom

Question 32

It contains protons and neutrons and is where most of the atom's mass is concentrated

Answer 32

nucleus

Question 33

These contribute to atom stability but usually do not participate directly in chemical reactions

Answer 33

Protons and neutrons

Question 34

What does it mean if the elements are in the same row (period) in the periodic table?

Answer 34

same number of electron shells same physical properties

Question 35

Typically found in nonmetallic molecules, these bonds involve electron sharing rather than transfer

Answer 35

Covalent Bond

Question 36

Which of the above comprise/s most of the mass of an atom?

Answer 36

nucleus

Question 37

It forms when two atoms share electrons, enabling them to achieve a stable electron configuration akin to noble gases

Answer 37

Covalent Bond

Question 38

Which part of the periodic table contains transition metals?

Answer 38

groups 3 to 12 (IIIB to IIB)

Question 39

It is a negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom in an electron cloud

Answer 39

electron

Question 40

Which of the above is/are usually involved in chemical reactions?

Answer 40

electrons

Question 41

It states that atoms aim to achieve a stable electron configuration, resembling that of a noble gas, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons

Answer 41

octet rule

Question 42

The least electronegative atom is usually the?

Answer 42

Central Atom

Question 43

It's the smallest unit of an element retaining its properties and is essential in forming matter

Answer 43

atom

Question 44

How is our current periodic table arranged?

Answer 44

The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number

Question 45

It is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons, creating an excess of positive charge

Answer 45

cations

Question 46

These are attracted to negatively charged ions (anions) and play a role in forming compounds through ionic interactions

Answer 46

cations

Question 47

Occurs between a metal (losing electrons) and a nonmetal (gaining electrons), resulting in a complete transfer of electrons and the creation of a crystalline lattice structure in solid compounds

Answer 47

Ionic Bonds

Question 48

__________________ can be used to show that polyatomic groups within a formula are attached to the nearest non-hydrogen atom on the left

Answer 48

Parentheses

Question 49

___________________ illustrate bonds and atoms that come out of the page, in front of the plane, toward you

Answer 49

wedged lines

Question 50

It is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons

Answer 50

Anion