Study Guide 2: Bonding and Structure of Organic Compounds

Question 1

Building blocks of matter

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

contains the protons and the neutron

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

describes an atom and gives the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus

Answer 3

Atomic Number (Z)

Question 4

composed of the electrons

Answer 4

electron cloud

Question 5

gives the total number of protons and neutrons

Answer 5

Mass Number (A)

Question 6

are confined to different regions within the atom

Answer 6

Electrons

Question 7

are belonging to different layers, or shells, surrounding the nucleus

Answer 7

are belonging to different layers, or shells, surrounding the nucleus

Question 8

are further grouped into subshells (denoted by s, p, d, f) within each shell, and within each subshell

Answer 8

Electrons

Question 8

are grouped in pairs into orbitals

Answer 8

Electrons

Question 9

is a description of the orbitals that the electrons of an atom occupy

Answer 9

Electron Configuration

Question 10

If two or more degenerate orbitals are available, one electron is placed in each with their spins parallel until all are half-full

Answer 10

Hund’s rule

Question 10

A maximum of two electrons may be placed in each orbital
but only when the spins of the electrons are paired

Answer 10

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 10

Orbitals are filled so that those of lowest energy are filled first

Answer 10

Aufbau principle

Question 11

proposed independently in 1858 that carbon always has four “affinity” units in all organic compounds, i.e., carbon is tetravalent and thus forms four bonds.

Answer 11

August Kekule and Archibald Couper

Question 12

proposed independently in ________ that carbon always has four “affinity” units

Answer 12

1858

Question 12

In ________, they proposed that the four bonds of carbon have specific spatial orientation.

Answer 12

1874

Question 13

In 1874, they proposed that the four bonds of carbon have specific spatial orientation

Answer 13

Jacobus van’t Hoff and Joseph Le Bel

Question 14

atoms attain a complete outer shell of valence electrons through

Answer 14

bonding

Question 14

When two or more elements are joined, they form a

Answer 14

compound

Question 15

atoms attain a stable noble gas configuration of electrons through

Answer 15

bonding