module 3

Question 1

Muscle can be categorized morphologically as either _______ or _______.

Answer 1

striated or smooth

Question 2

Muscles are __________ organs

Answer 2

contractile

Question 3

what two functions does the muscular system have?

Answer 3

voluntary, walking
involuntary, beating of the heart, breathing, digestion

Question 4

_________ help the human body move, attached to bones via tendons

Answer 4

Skeletal muscles

Question 5

________ is found in the heart. It contracts rhythmically, and is modulated by neural activity and hormone

Answer 5

Cardiac muscle

Question 6

_______ is controlled by the nervous system or hormones. It may be either generally inactive and then respond to stimulation, or it may be rhythmic

Answer 6

Smooth muscle

Question 7

____________ is marked by both light and dark bands, found in the heart and skeletal muscles

Answer 7

Striated muscle

Question 8

Striated muscle is characterized by ________ with _________ which are located peripherally for skeletal muscle or centrally for cardiac muscle

Answer 8

long muscle fibres
multiple nuclei

Question 9

________ is found in blood vessels and the digestive system

Answer 9

Smooth msucle

Question 10

Each smooth muscle fibre contains a ________ nucleus

Answer 10

single centrally located

Question 11

________ is muscle that is consciously controlled in order to perform a specific function

Answer 11

Voluntary muscle

Question 12

_________ is not consciously controlled, consists of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Answer 12

Involuntary muscle

Question 13

The ability of muscle tissue to receive and respond to electrical signals from nerves or stimulation from hormones

Answer 13

Excitability

Question 14

When a muscle cell is excited by a nerve or hormone, this causes the muscle to shorten, resulting in contraction

Answer 14

Contractility

Question 15

The ________ is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle and is continuous with the tissue that becomes the tendon.

Answer 15

epimysium

Question 16

The _________ is the layer of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibres within a muscle.

Answer 16

perimysium

Question 17

The _______ is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds the individual muscle cells within a muscle bundle

Answer 17

endomysium

Question 18

________ are organized into repeating structural units known as sarcomeres

Answer 18

Myofilaments

Question 19

When shortened, the_________ cause contraction of the muscle

Answer 19

sarcomeres

Question 20

Each sarcomeres consists of ______ and ______

Answer 20

actin (thin) and myosin (thick)

Question 21

The _______ is made up of thick and thin filaments. It appears darker when viewed histologically

Answer 21

A-band

Question 22

The ______ is composed of protein that makes a ‘zig-zag’ line marking the beginning and end of each sarcomere

Answer 22

Z-line

Question 23

The _______ is composed of protein down the center of the sarcomere

Answer 23

M-line

Question 24

The _____ is made up of thin filaments. It appears lighter in colour and transverses two sarcomeres

Answer 24

I-band

Question 25

Skeletal muscle cells are ___________

Answer 25

multinucleated

Question 26

__________ are the structural units of the muscle cell and contain the contractile myofilaments

Answer 26

Myofibrils

Question 27

__________ are the contractile units of the muscle cell.

Answer 27

Myofilaments

Question 28

Includes bones and muscles associated with the skull, vertebral column (spine), and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)

Answer 28

Axial

Question 29

Stabilize and control the movements of the pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles

Answer 29

Appendicular

Question 30

The _______ muscles of the thorax aid in the process of breathing.

Answer 30

intercostal

Question 31

________ are the most superficial, and their fibres run anteriorly and inferiorly between the ribs (inspiration)

Answer 31

External intercostals

Question 32

______lie deep to the externals, and their fibres run posteriorly and inferiorly (expiration)

Answer 32

Internal intercostals

Question 33

The _______ is the most superficial of the abdominal wall musculature.

Answer 33

external oblique

Question 34

The ________ lies deep to the external oblique

Answer 34

internal oblique

Question 35

The ___________ runs horizontally, deep to the internal oblique.

Answer 35

transversus abdominis

Question 36

The _________ lies on either side of the linea alba and is separated by tendinous intersection

Answer 36

rectus abdominis