module 10

Question 1

The digestive system organs are divided into two groups

Answer 1

1. The Digestive Tract (Alimentary Canal)
2. The Accessory Digestive Organn

Question 2

What composes the Digestive Tract?

Answer 2

Mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

Question 3

The process of mastication crushes food in the mouth into smaller pieces to facilitate chemical processing

Answer 3

Digestion

Question 4

Digested food moves slowly through the large intestine, to facilitate water and nutrient uptake into the body

Answer 4

Absorption

Question 5

In the presence of food, cells of the stomach’s mucosal wall release gastric acid to perform chemical digestion

Answer 5

Secretion

Question 6

Defecation is the

Answer 6

Removal of fecal matter

Question 7

The _________ is the innermost layer of the digestive tract wall

Answer 7

mucosa

Question 8

The _______ is the layer below the mucosa. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 8

submucosa

Question 9

The ____________is composed of circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle

Answer 9

muscularis externa

Question 10

The outermost layer of the digestive tract is either ________

Answer 10

serosa or an adventitia

Question 11

A single layer of thin, flat cells that form a membranous sheet and secrete lubricating fluid

Answer 11

Serous membrane

Question 12

Composed of surface epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa

Answer 12

Mucosa

Question 13

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, glands, ect

Answer 13

Submucosa

Question 14

Circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle

Answer 14

Muscularis Externa

Question 15

Layer that is either serous in nature, or composed of loose connective tissue

Answer 15

Serosa or Adventitia

Question 16

The ________ is the first part of the digestive tract

Answer 16

oral cavity

Question 17

The oral cavity consists of two parts:

Answer 17

The vestibule
The oral cavity proper

Question 18

The _____ makes up the superior border of the oral cavity

Answer 18

palate

Question 19

The _______ is a muscle associated with speech, taste, and the mechanical manipulation of food

Answer 19

tongue

Question 19

The intrinsic muscles control _________

Answer 19

the shape

Question 20

The extrinsic muscles ___________

Answer 20

move the tongue during chewing and speech

Question 21

This anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Answer 21

frenulum

Question 22

The superior and lateral surfaces of the tongue are covered in _______

Answer 22

papillae

Question 23

________ secrete digestive enzymes and mucus to help break down food while chewing

Answer 23

Salivary glands

Question 24

Secretes serous (watery) fluid and is located anterior and inferior to the external ear opening.

Answer 24

Parotid

Question 25

Secretes serous and mucous (viscous) fluid and is inferior to the mandible

Answer 25

Submandibular

Question 26

Sublingual

Answer 26

Secretes mucus and is inferior to the tongue

Question 27

Humans have two sets of teeth. The first set are called _______ teeth. The second are called _______ teeth

Answer 27

deciduous and permanent

Question 28

From top to bottom, the pharynx is organized

Answer 28

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 29

______ are collections of lymphoid tissue found in areas of the pharynx

Answer 29

Tonsils

Question 30

Following the oral cavity, the ________ is the next portion of the digestive tract

Answer 30

esophagus

Question 31

The _____________ protects the esophagus from friction as food travels from the oral cavity to the stomach

Answer 31

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 32

In the esophagus, the upper 1/3 is only _________, the middle 1/3 is _________, and the lower 1/3 is entirely __________

Answer 32

skeletal, mixed and smooth

Question 33

The stomach is a J-shaped organ divided into

Answer 33

Fundus Body Antrum

Question 34

The _______ is continuous with the first aspect of the small intestine, known as the duodenum

Answer 34

antrum

Question 35

The _________ is a structure that hangs off of the greater curvature of the stomach

Answer 35

greater omentum

Question 36

Why does the stomach has three layers of muscle, while the esophagus only has two?

Answer 36

The stomach needs to churn food during digestion, as well as push it toward the small intestine. These actions require more muscular power

Question 37

The intestines are composed of two parts

Answer 37

Small intestines and Large intestines

Question 38

The small intestine is divided into three portions

Answer 38

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 39

The mucosa of the small intestine has ________, which are fingerlike projections

Answer 39

villi

Question 40

The epithelium of the small intestine is found on the _______

Answer 40

villi

Question 41

________ are permanent transverse folds that help increase the surface area for absorption

Answer 41

Pilcae Circulares

Question 42

The submucosa of the duodenum is notable as it has _________ that secrete alkaline mucus

Answer 42

duodenal (Brunner's) glands

Question 43

The ________ is the terminal portion of the digestive tract

Answer 43

large intestine

Question 44

There are three sections of the large intestine that extend from the small intestine to the anal canal

Answer 44

Cecum Colon Rectum

Question 45

The ________ is the first portion of the large intestine

Answer 45

cecum

Question 46

Four sections of the colon

Answer 46

Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon

Question 47

The _____ extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal

Answer 47

rectum

Question 48

In the large intestine there is an increasing amount of _______ as you move towards the anus

Answer 48

goblet cells

Question 48

In the anal canal, a change from ________ to __________ epithelium takes place

Answer 48

simple columnar to stratified squamous

Question 49

_________ is characterized by inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract

Answer 49

Crohn’s disease