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ANAT 100 > module 10 > Flashcards

module 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system organs are divided into two groups

A
  1. The Digestive Tract (Alimentary Canal)
  2. The Accessory Digestive Organn
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2
Q

What composes the Digestive Tract?

A

Mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

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3
Q

The process of mastication crushes food in the mouth into smaller pieces to facilitate chemical processing

A

Digestion

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4
Q

Digested food moves slowly through the large intestine, to facilitate water and nutrient uptake into the body

A

Absorption

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5
Q

In the presence of food, cells of the stomach’s mucosal wall release gastric acid to perform chemical digestion

A

Secretion

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6
Q

Defecation is the

A

Removal of fecal matter

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7
Q

The _________ is the innermost layer of the digestive tract wall

A

mucosa

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8
Q

The _______ is the layer below the mucosa. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue

A

submucosa

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9
Q

The ____________is composed of circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle

A

muscularis externa

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10
Q

The outermost layer of the digestive tract is either ________

A

serosa or an adventitia

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11
Q

A single layer of thin, flat cells that form a membranous sheet and secrete lubricating fluid

A

Serous membrane

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12
Q

Composed of surface epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa

A

Mucosa

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13
Q

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, glands, ect

A

Submucosa

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14
Q

Circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle

A

Muscularis Externa

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15
Q

Layer that is either serous in nature, or composed of loose connective tissue

A

Serosa or Adventitia

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16
Q

The ________ is the first part of the digestive tract

A

oral cavity

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17
Q

The oral cavity consists of two parts:

A

The vestibule
The oral cavity proper

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18
Q

The _____ makes up the superior border of the oral cavity

A

palate

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19
Q

The _______ is a muscle associated with speech, taste, and the mechanical manipulation of food

A

tongue

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19
Q

The intrinsic muscles control _________

A

the shape

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20
Q

The extrinsic muscles ___________

A

move the tongue during chewing and speech

21
Q

This anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

frenulum

22
Q

The superior and lateral surfaces of the tongue are covered in _______

A

papillae

23
Q

________ secrete digestive enzymes and mucus to help break down food while chewing

A

Salivary glands

24
Q

Secretes serous (watery) fluid and is located anterior and inferior to the external ear opening.

A

Parotid

25
Q

Secretes serous and mucous (viscous) fluid and is inferior to the mandible

A

Submandibular

26
Q

Sublingual

A

Secretes mucus and is inferior to the tongue

27
Q

Humans have two sets of teeth. The first set are called _______ teeth. The second are called _______ teeth

A

deciduous and permanent

28
Q

From top to bottom, the pharynx is organized

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

29
Q

______ are collections of lymphoid tissue found in areas of the pharynx

A

Tonsils

30
Q

Following the oral cavity, the ________ is the next portion of the digestive tract

A

esophagus

31
Q

The _____________ protects the esophagus from friction as food travels from the oral cavity to the stomach

A

stratified squamous epithelium

32
Q

In the esophagus, the upper 1/3 is only _________, the middle 1/3 is _________, and the lower 1/3 is entirely __________

A

skeletal, mixed and smooth

33
Q

The stomach is a J-shaped organ divided into

A

Fundus
Body
Antrum

34
Q

The _______ is continuous with the first aspect of the small intestine, known as the duodenum

A

antrum

35
Q

The _________ is a structure that hangs off of the greater curvature of the stomach

A

greater omentum

36
Q

Why does the stomach has three layers of muscle, while the esophagus only has two?

A

The stomach needs to churn food during digestion, as well as push it toward the small intestine. These actions require more muscular power

37
Q

The intestines are composed of two parts

A

Small intestines and Large intestines

38
Q

The small intestine is divided into three portions

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

39
Q

The mucosa of the small intestine has ________, which are fingerlike projections

A

villi

40
Q

The epithelium of the small intestine is found on the _______

A

villi

41
Q

________ are permanent transverse folds that help increase the surface area for absorption

A

Pilcae Circulares

42
Q

The submucosa of the duodenum is notable as it has _________ that secrete alkaline mucus

A

duodenal (Brunner’s) glands

43
Q

The ________ is the terminal portion of the digestive tract

A

large intestine

44
Q

There are three sections of the large intestine that extend from the small intestine to the anal canal

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

45
Q

The ________ is the first portion of the large intestine

A

cecum

46
Q

Four sections of the colon

A

Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon

47
Q

The _____ extends from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal

A

rectum

48
Q

In the large intestine there is an increasing amount of _______ as you move towards the anus

A

goblet cells

48
Q

In the anal canal, a change from ________ to __________ epithelium takes place

A

simple columnar to stratified squamous

49
Q

_________ is characterized by inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract

A

Crohn’s disease

ANAT 100 (11 decks)

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