Module 3 Digestive labeling lab Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
What is the function of the mouth (oral cavity)?
A
Ingests food, mechanical/chemical digestion begins, forms food bolus.
2
Q
What is the role of the tongue?
A
Manipulates food, taste, aids swallowing and speech.
3
Q
What does the esophagus do?
A
Transports food from pharynx to stomach via peristalsis.
4
Q
What are the functions of the liver?
A
Produces bile, metabolic processing (nutrients, toxins), synthesizes proteins.
5
Q
What is the purpose of the gallbladder?
A
Stores and concentrates bile.
6
Q
What happens in the duodenum?
A
Receives chyme, bile, pancreatic juice; major site of chemical digestion.
7
Q
What is the jejunum primarily responsible for?
A
Primary site for nutrient absorption.
8
Q
What does the ileum absorb?
A
Absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and remaining nutrients.
9
Q
What is the function of the anus?
A
External opening for defecation.
10
Q
What does the parotid gland produce?
A
Produces enzyme-rich (amylase) saliva.
11
Q
What type of saliva does the sublingual gland produce?
A
Produces mostly mucous (lubricating) saliva.
12
Q
What is the function of the submandibular gland?
A
Produces mixed serous and mucous saliva.
13
Q
What is the role of the pharynx?
A
Common passageway for food/liquid and air; involved in swallowing.
14
Q
What does the stomach do?
A
Stores food, mixes food into chyme, starts protein digestion, controls emptying.
15
Q
What are the functions of the pancreas?
A
Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate (exocrine); produces insulin/glucagon (endocrine).
16
Q
What is the spleen’s role?
A
Not part of the digestive system. Filters blood, immune functions.
17
Q
What does the transverse colon absorb?
A
Absorbs water/electrolytes, moves feces across abdomen.
18
Q
What is the function of the descending colon?
A
Absorbs water, stores feces on left side.
19
Q
What does the ascending colon do?
A
Absorbs water/electrolytes, moves feces up right side.
20
Q
What is the cecum?
A
Pouch receiving chyme from ileum.
21
Q
What is the function of the sigmoid colon?
A
Stores feces, connects descending colon to rectum.
22
Q
What does the rectum do?
A
Stores feces before elimination, triggers defecation reflex.
23
Q
What is the role of the vermiform appendix?
A
Potential reservoir for gut bacteria, minor immune role.
24
Q
What is the function of the anal canal?
A
Regulates defecation through internal/external sphincters.
25
What does the myenteric nerve plexus control?
It controls GI tract motility (muscle contractions/relaxation).
26
What is the function of the submucosal nerve plexus?
It regulates glandular secretions and muscularis mucosae activity.
27
What do glands in the submucosa secrete?
They secrete specific substances (e.g., protective mucus) into the lumen.
28
What are the functions of the epithelium?
Absorption, secretion, protection, barrier function (specific role varies by location).
29
What is the role of the lamina propria?
It supports epithelium, houses capillaries for absorption, and contains immune cells (MALT).
30
What does the muscularis mucosae do?
It creates local movements/folds in the mucosa, enhancing secretion/absorption.
31
What is the function of the submucosa?
It supports mucosa and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, and glands.
32
What happens when the longitudinal muscle contracts?
Contraction shortens segments of the GI tract (aids peristalsis).
33
What is the role of the circular muscle?
Contraction narrows the lumen (aids segmentation and peristalsis).
34
What does the epithelium secrete?
It secretes lubricating serous fluid.
35
What is the function of connective tissue in the GI tract?
It provides structural support and carries vessels and nerves.
36
What is the lumen?
It is the central space/passageway for digestive contents.
37
What is the role of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue?
It provides immune protection against pathogens in the gut lining.
38
What do glands in the mucosa secrete?
They secrete substances (mucus, enzymes, acid, hormones) onto the mucosal surface.
39
What is the function of the duct of a gland outside the alimentary canal?
It transports secretions from accessory organs (e.g., pancreas, liver) into the GI tract.
40
What does the nerve regulate in the GI tract?
It regulates motility, secretion, blood flow, and sensation.
41
What is the function of an artery in the GI tract?
It supplies oxygenated blood to the GI tract wall.
42
What does a vein do in the GI tract?
It drains deoxygenated blood and absorbed nutrients from the GI tract wall.
43
What is the role of the mesentery?
It anchors digestive organs and provides a route for vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.
44
What is the function of the gingivae (gums)?
Protect and seal around the base of the teeth.
45
What does the palatine raphe mark?
Anatomical landmark marking the midline fusion of the palate.
46
What is the function of the hard palate?
Provides a rigid surface for the tongue during chewing/swallowing.
47
What is the role of the soft palate?
Closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing.
48
What is the function of the uvula?
Helps block the nasopharynx during swallowing; aids speech sounds.
49
What is the function of the palatine tonsil?
Immune surveillance for inhaled/ingested pathogens.
50
What is the sublingual fold with openings of sublingual ducts?
Site where saliva from sublingual glands enters the mouth.
51
What is the vestibule?
Space between lips/cheeks and teeth/gums.
52
What is the function of the lower lip?
Helps contain food/saliva, aids speech articulation, sensory input.
53
What is the function of the upper lip?
Helps contain food/saliva, aids speech articulation, sensory input.
54
What does the superior labial frenulum do?
Attaches upper lip to the gum, limiting movement.
55
What is the palatoglossal arch?
Anterior fold marking oral cavity boundary; involved in swallowing reflex.
56
What is the palatopharyngeal arch?
Posterior fold involved in swallowing reflex.
57
What is the posterior wall of the oropharynx?
Part of the common passageway for food and air.
58
What is the function of the tongue?
Manipulates food, taste sensation, aids swallowing and speech.
59
What does the lingual frenulum do?
Attaches tongue to the floor of the mouth, limiting movement.
60
What is the function of the inferior labial frenulum?
Attaches lower lip to the gum, limiting movement.
61
What is the function of the esophagus?
Transports food from pharynx to stomach via peristalsis.
62
What does the longitudinal layer do?
Shortens segments of the GI tract during contraction (aids peristalsis).
63
What is the role of the circular layer?
Narrows the lumen of the GI tract during contraction (aids segmentation/peristalsis).
64
What is the function of the oblique layer?
Aids in churning and mixing food in the stomach.
65
What is the lesser curvature?
Anatomical landmark; attachment site for lesser omentum.
66
What does the duodenum do?
Receives chyme, bile, pancreatic juice; site of major chemical digestion.
67
What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
Controls emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum.
68
What is the cardia?
Region where food enters the stomach from the esophagus.
69
What is the function of the fundus?
Allows for stomach expansion; often collects swallowed gas.
70
What is the body of the stomach?
Main region for mixing food with gastric juices.
71
What is the lumen?
Central space for passage of food/chyme.
72
What are rugae of mucosa?
Allow the stomach to expand when filled.
73
What is the greater curvature?
Anatomical landmark; attachment site for greater omentum.
74
What does the left lobe of the liver perform?
Performs liver functions (metabolism, bile production, etc.).
75
What is the ligamentum venosum?
Fibrous remnant of fetal ductus venosus; anatomical landmark.
76
What is the porta hepatis?
Entry/exit point for hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and hepatic ducts.
77
What does the left hepatic artery supply?
Supplies oxygenated blood to the left lobe of the liver.
78
What does the left hepatic duct do?
Drains bile from the left lobe of the liver.
79
What is the function of the common hepatic duct?
Conducts bile from the liver (union of right/left hepatic ducts).
80
What is a fissure in the context of the liver?
Anatomical groove or cleft on the liver surface.
81
What does the falciform ligament do?
Attaches liver to anterior abdominal wall; separates right/left lobes anteriorly.
82
What is the ligamentum teres?
Fibrous remnant of fetal umbilical vein; anatomical landmark.
83
What does the quadrate lobe of the liver perform?
Performs liver functions; located on inferior surface.
84
What is the largest lobe of the liver?
Right lobe; performs liver functions.
85
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Stores and concentrates bile.
86
What does the cystic duct do?
Transports bile to and from the gallbladder.
87
What does the right hepatic duct do?
Drains bile from the right lobe of the liver.
88
What does the right hepatic artery supply?
Supplies oxygenated blood to the right lobe of the liver.
89
What is the bare area of the liver?
Site where liver directly attaches to the diaphragm (no peritoneum).
90
What does the inferior vena cava do?
Receives processed blood from hepatic veins; returns blood to heart.
91
What do hepatic veins do?
Drain processed blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava.
92
What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?
Carries nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs to the liver for processing.
93
What does the caudate lobe of the liver perform?
Performs liver functions; located on posterior/inferior surface.
94
What is swallowing?
This is the process of moving food from the mouth, through the pharynx, and into the esophagus. It begins in the mouth.
95
What are fauces?
This is the arched opening at the back of the mouth leading into the pharynx.
96
What does parotid refer to?
This refers to the parotid gland, the largest of the major salivary glands, which produces saliva that enters the mouth via the parotid duct.
97
What is a canine tooth?
This is a type of tooth located in the mouth, situated between the incisors and premolars.
98
What is the uvula?
This is the fleshy extension hanging from the back edge of the soft palate in the roof of the mouth.
99
The following are associated with the mouth.
the following terms are associated with the mouth:
Swallowing: This is the process of moving food from the mouth, through the pharynx, and into the esophagus. It begins in the mouth.
Fauces: This is the arched opening at the back of the mouth leading into the pharynx.
Parotid: This refers to the parotid gland, the largest of the major salivary glands, which produces saliva that enters the mouth via the parotid duct.
Canine: This is a type of tooth located in the mouth, situated between the incisors and premolars.
Uvula: This is the fleshy extension hanging from the back edge of the soft palate in the roof of the mouth.
