Module 3 functions respiratory lab

Question 1

What is the function of the posterior nasal aperture?

Answer 1

Air passageway from nasal cavity to nasopharynx.

Question 2

What is the role of the pharyngeal tonsil?

Answer 2

Immune surveillance of inhaled air in nasopharynx.

Question 3

What does the opening of the pharyngotypanic or Eustachian tube do?

Answer 3

Equalizes pressure between nasopharynx and middle ear.

Question 4

What is the function of the uvula?

Answer 4

Helps block nasopharynx during swallowing; aids speech.

Question 5

What is the role of the palatine tonsil?

Answer 5

Immune surveillance in the oropharynx.

Question 6

What are the fauces?

Answer 6

Passageway between the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Question 7

What is the function of the lingual tonsil?

Answer 7

Immune surveillance at the base of the tongue.

Question 8

What is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 8

Common passageway for food (to esophagus) and air (to larynx).

Question 9

What does the esophagus do?

Answer 9

Transports food from pharynx to stomach via peristalsis.

Question 10

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

Answer 10

Increase surface area to warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air.

Question 11

What are the nasal meatuses?

Answer 11

Air passageways beneath conchae that enhance air turbulence and trapping of particles.

Question 12

What is the role of the nasal vestibule?

Answer 12

Filters coarse particles from inhaled air using hairs.

Question 13

What is the nostril?

Answer 13

External opening for air entry into nasal cavity.

Question 14

What does the hard palate do?

Answer 14

Separates oral and nasal cavities; provides surface for tongue action.

Question 15

What is the function of the soft palate?

Answer 15

Closes off nasopharynx during swallowing.

Question 16

What does the epiglottis do?

Answer 16

Covers larynx opening during swallowing to prevent aspiration.

Question 17

What is the role of the vestibular fold?

Answer 17

Protects true vocal folds; helps close larynx during swallowing.

Question 18

What is the function of the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 18

Protects the larynx; attachment site for vocal folds.

Question 19

What do vocal folds do?

Answer 19

Vibrates to produce sound (phonation).

Question 20

What is the role of the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 20

Provides structural support for the larynx and trachea.

Question 21

What does the trachea do?

Answer 21

Conducts air between the larynx and bronchi (lungs).

Question 22

What is the function of Type II (surfactant secreting) cells?

Answer 22

Produces surfactant to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse; repairs epithelium.

Question 23

What do Type I cells of the alveolar wall do?

Answer 23

Forms the thin alveolar surface for efficient gas exchange.

Question 24

What are alveoli?

Answer 24

Primary sites of gas exchange between air and blood.

Question 25

What is the role of red blood cells in capillaries?

Answer 25

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 26

What does the endothelial cell nucleus control?

Answer 26

Controls the function of the capillary wall cell.

Question 27

What is the capillary?

Answer 27

Site of gas exchange between alveoli and blood.

Question 28

What is the function of macrophages in the alveoli?

Answer 28

Engulfs debris and pathogens within the alveoli (immune defense).

Question 29

What is the respiratory membrane?

Answer 29

Thin barrier (alveolar epithelium, fused basal laminae, capillary endothelium) facilitating gas diffusion.

Question 30

What does the nucleus of a Type I cell control?

Answer 30

Controls the function of the Type I alveolar cell.

Question 31

What is the alveolar epithelium?

Answer 31

Layer lining alveoli (Type I & II cells); involved in gas exchange and surfactant production.

Question 32

What are the fused basal laminae of the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium?

Answer 32

Shared basement membrane providing structural support to the respiratory membrane.

Question 33

What is the capillary endothelium?

Answer 33

Thin cell layer forming the capillary wall; part of the respiratory membrane.

Question 34

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 34

Conducts air to the bronchi; cartilage keeps airway open.

Question 35

Where is the apex of the lung located?

Answer 35

Uppermost region of the lung.

Question 36

What is the right superior lobe responsible for?

Answer 36

Upper section of right lung for gas exchange.

Question 37

What does the horizontal fissure do?

Answer 37

Separates superior and middle lobes of the right lung.

Question 38

What is the function of the right middle lobe?

Answer 38

Middle section of right lung for gas exchange.

Question 39

What does the oblique fissure separate?

Answer 39

Separates inferior lobe from upper/middle lobes (both lungs).

Question 40

What is the role of the right inferior lobe?

Answer 40

Lower section of right lung for gas exchange.

Question 41

What is the primary function of the heart?

Answer 41

Pumps blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.

Question 42

What is the diaphragm's role in respiration?

Answer 42

Primary muscle of inhalation; separates thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Question 43

Where is the base of the lung located?

Answer 43

Lowermost region of the lung resting on the diaphragm.

Question 44

What is the main function of the lung?

Answer 44

Main organ for gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out).

Question 45

What is the function of the pleural cavity?

Answer 45

Contains fluid to reduce friction between pleural layers during breathing.

Question 46

What does the parietal pleura do?

Answer 46

Lines the thoracic cavity wall.

Question 47

What is the role of the rib?

Answer 47

Protects thoracic organs; assists in breathing mechanics.

Question 48

What is the function of the intercostal muscle?

Answer 48

Assists breathing by moving the rib cage.

Question 49

What does the visceral pleura cover?

Answer 49

Covers the lung surface.

Question 50

What is the function of the left superior lobe?

Answer 50

Upper section of left lung for gas exchange.

Question 51

What is the cardiac notch?

Answer 51

Indentation in left lung accommodating the heart.

Question 52

What does the oblique fissure separate in the left lung?

Answer 52

Separates superior and inferior lobes of the left lung.

Question 53

What is the role of the left inferior lobe?

Answer 53

Lower section of left lung for gas exchange.

Question 54

What does the left primary bronchus do?

Answer 54

Conducts air from the trachea into the left lung.

Question 55

What is the function of the secondary bronchus?

Answer 55

Conducts air to a specific lobe of the lung.

Question 56

What do tertiary bronchi conduct air to?

Answer 56

Conduct air to a specific bronchopulmonary segment.

Question 57

What is the role of smaller bronchi?

Answer 57

Continue conducting air deeper into the lungs.

Question 58

Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?

Answer 58

In the alveoli in a pulmonary lobule.

Question 59

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 59

Conducts air from larynx towards lungs; kept open by cartilage rings.

Question 60

What is the purpose of cartilage plates?

Answer 60

Provide structural support to keep bronchi open.

Question 61

What do bronchioles do?

Answer 61

Smaller airways conducting air; smooth muscle regulates airflow.

Question 62

What is the terminal bronchiole?

Answer 62

Smallest conducting airway leading air to the respiratory zone.

Question 63

What is the respiratory bronchiole?

Answer 63

First airway segment where gas exchange can begin (has alveoli).