Module 4 - Renal supplemental Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is a renal corpuscle?
A renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.
What are the two main types of nephrons?
Cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons.
Where are cortical nephrons located?
Cortical nephrons have renal corpuscles located higher in the renal cortex, often further from the corticomedullary junction.
What is the loop of Henle like in cortical nephrons?
Cortical nephrons have short loops of Henle that extend only a short distance into the renal medulla.
What type of capillaries are associated with cortical nephrons?
Cortical nephrons are surrounded by peritubular capillaries that primarily remain within the cortex.
What percentage of nephrons are cortical nephrons?
Cortical nephrons make up about 85% of the total nephrons in the kidney.
Where are juxtamedullary nephrons located?
Juxtamedullary nephrons have renal corpuscles located lower in the renal cortex, close to the corticomedullary junction.
What is the loop of Henle like in juxtamedullary nephrons?
Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla.
What type of capillaries are associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?
Juxtamedullary nephrons are associated with specialized capillaries called the vasa recta.
What percentage of nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?
Juxtamedullary nephrons account for about 15% of the total nephrons.
What are the three processes of urine formation?
The three processes are glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
What is glomerular filtration?
Glomerular filtration is the first step where blood is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman’s capsule.
Where does glomerular filtration take place?
Glomerular filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule).
What is tubular reabsorption?
Tubular reabsorption involves the selective movement of substances from the filtrate in the renal tubules back into the blood.
Where does tubular reabsorption primarily occur?
It primarily occurs in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT), and collecting duct.
What is tubular secretion?
Tubular secretion is the movement of substances from the blood into the filtrate in the renal tubules.
Where does tubular secretion primarily occur?
It primarily occurs in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT), Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT), and collecting duct.
What are the components of the filtration membrane?
The filtration membrane consists of fenestrated endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes.
What is the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule made up of?
The visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is made up of specialized epithelial cells called podocytes.
Why is the efferent arteriole narrower?
The efferent arteriole is narrower to maintain glomerular pressure, facilitating filtration.
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus made up of?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of modified epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule called macula densa and modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole called juxtaglomerular cells.
What are the three parts of the male urethra?
The three parts are the prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy urethra.
How does the male urethra differ from the female urethra?
The male urethra is longer, serves a dual purpose, has a more complex path, and is part of both urinary and reproductive systems, while the female urethra is shorter and solely transports urine.
