Module 4 - Group Decisions & Performance

Question 1

Group (3)

Answer 1

Individuals who are interdependent
Mutual reliance
Share explicit and implicit goal of harmony and cohesion

Question 2

Define interdependence

Answer 2

Exchange or mutual reliance in a social setting

Question 3

Natural groups

Answer 3

Groups come together spontaneously on the basis of naturally occurring events

Question 4

Formed groups

Answer 4

Groups formed from outside influence or intervention

Question 5

Reference groups

Answer 5

Groups who’s norms matter to an individual and impacts their behaviour

Question 6

Group leader

Answer 6

Has greater influence than the average member of the group

Question 7

Group role

Answer 7

Position that has norms specifying appropriate behaviours for the occupant of that role

Question 8

What are the 2 phenomena that occur when groups make decision by consensus with the implicit goal of Harmony & Cohesion?

Answer 8

Groupthink
Group polarization
Both work together to produce worse group decisions

Question 9

Describe Groupthink

Answer 9

Reduced expression of disagreement and critical scrutiny to prevent risking group cohesion and harmony

Question 10

2 social processes in Groupthink

Answer 10

False consensus
Pluralistic Ignorance

Question 11

False consensus
(Group Think)

Answer 11

Lack of expression of disagreement is taken as silent agreement

Question 12

Pluralistic Ignorance
(Group Think)

Answer 12

Group pretends to not notice a problem that everyone notices

Question 13

Describe Group Polarization

Answer 13

Magnification of average views to extreme views in a group setting

Question 14

2 social processes of Group Polarization

Answer 14

Normalisation
Value Affirmation

Question 15

Normalisation
(Group Polarisation)

Answer 15

Exposure to shared/similar positions -> unaware of alternatives

Question 16

Value Affirmation
(Group Polarisation)

Answer 16

Expressing extreme attitudes to signal loyalty to shared views

Question 17

Define Social Facilitation

Answer 17

performance is better in the presence of others

Question 18

Define Social Interference

Answer 18

performance is worse in the presence of others

Question 19

What are the 2 factors of Social Interference and Social facilitation?

Answer 19

Co-Action Effects

Audience Effects

Question 20

Co-Action Effects
(Social Interference / Facilitation)

Answer 20

Performance is affected by others doing the same thing

Question 21

Audience Effects
(Social Interference / Facilitation)

Answer 21

Performance is affected by others watching your behaviour

Question 22

What activities have social facilitation?

Answer 22

Works for familiar and easy tasks
Being observed by people can increase physical arousal which does not affect performing physical tasks

Question 23

What activities have social interference?

Answer 23

Occurs with difficult, unfamiliar tasks
Being observed by people increase arousal which affect concentration needed to perform difficult tasks

Question 24

Define Social Loafing

Answer 24

Putting less effort in group tasks than individual tasks
Because of diffusion of responsibility in large group settings
Free ride on other people’s efforts

Question 25

Defines 'tragedy of the commons' dynamic

Answer 25

Suspected lack of effort from group members justifies further withdrawal of effort from each individual, leading to lower group effort

Question 26

What is the cause of social loafing?

Answer 26

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 27

How do you undermine social loafing?

Answer 27

Increase an individual's responsibility Delegation of specific roles for accountability Leadership

Question 28

Social Influence:

Answer 28

when our beliefs & behaviours change from exposure to other people's beliefs and behaviours

Question 29

3 main components to Social influence:

Answer 29

Social Norms Conformity Obedience

Question 30

Social Norms

Answer 30

Unspoken, expected standards of behaviour Not just normal behaviours, but what is considered right behaviours

Question 31

normative standard

Answer 31

Behaviours that are considered normal and correct in a social situation

Question 32

Conformity

Answer 32

Tendency to align behaviour to the norms of others

Question 33

Informational Influence

Answer 33

Norm must exist for good reason Follow along group consensus cause wish to do the correct thing

Question 34

Normative Influence

Answer 34

Others will disapprove if we violate the social norm Fear of scrutiny

Question 35

Factors affecting Conformity

Answer 35

Group size (larger groups -> more conformity) Dissention (if one member objects -> less conformity) Personality (low self esteem -> more conformity Culture (Collectivist cultures -> more conformity) Gender (no proof) Age (younger -> more conformity)

Question 36

Define Obedience

Answer 36

Suspending own judgement to follow instruction from authority In extreme examples, people may act against their own conscience or best interests to comply with the authority figure

Question 37

Factors affecting obedience (2)

Answer 37

Proximity Legitimacy of authority

Question 38

Understanding group processes allows allied health group to

Answer 38

Develop targeted evidence based allied health group programs Become an effective facilitator of AH groups Understand and influence group behaviours & outcomes Successfully work in AH teams -> benefit client and colleagues

Question 39

Tuckman Stages of Group Development (1965) (5)

Answer 39

Stage 1 - Forming Stage 2 - Storming Stage 3 - Norming Stage 4 - Performing Stage 5 - Adjourning

Question 40

Stage 1 - Forming (Tuckman Stages of Group Development)

Answer 40

Define task & how it is accomplished Develop group identity & norms

Question 41

Stage 2 - Storming

Answer 41

Members resist tasks & approaches conflict

Question 42

Stage 3 - Norming

Answer 42

Develop team closeness Establish ground rules -> harmony + avoid conflict

Question 43

Stage 4 - Performing

Answer 43

Work together effectively Understand strengths & weaknesses

Question 44

Stage 5 - Adjourning

Answer 44

Group breaks up