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ALHT106 Exam (module 1-12) > Module 8 - Emotions > Flashcards

Module 8 - Emotions Flashcards

1
Q

What is emotion (3)?

A

Spontaneous, involuntary, evaluative responses
To specific environmental conditions
Purpose: to direct action in real time

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of emotion response?

A

Subjective experience (feelings )
Reflexive behaviour (physical behaviour, slouch, facial expressions)
Physiological arousal (arousal)

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3
Q

Subjective experience: (2)
(3 components of emotion)

A

Feelings
It is subjective: Differences in intensity of feelings between individuals

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4
Q

What are the 2 categories of subjective experience?
(3 components of emotion)

A

Negative affect
Positive affect

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5
Q

Tendency to experience positive / negative emotions is heritable?
T/F

A

T

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6
Q

Differences between people’s tendency to experience negative / positive emotions is due to?

A

Difference in an individual’s neurotransmitter system

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7
Q

Feelings such as sad, gloomy, miserable and jealous are examples of ___ affect?

A

Negative affect

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8
Q

Feeling such as job, relaxed and happy are examples of ___affect?

A

Positive affect

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9
Q

What is the difference between mood and emotion?

A

Emotion:
immediate sensations
More Intense
Short-lived
Influence thoughts in real time

Mood:
Longer duration
Lower intensity
Diffuse feelings of positivity or negativity
‘general state’
Internalised / not observable

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10
Q

3 reflexive behaviours triggered by emotions?
(3 components of emotion)

A

Change in posture
Body language
Facial expressions

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11
Q

Innate social signalling

A

Darwin argued that overt displays served innate social signalling so the group as a whole are more informed

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12
Q

What is Darwin’s
3 predictions for innate facial expressions?

A

Humans
Facial anatomy is shared across all humans
If emotive expressions are revolved reflexes then they should be present across all cultures

Apes
Should display basic facial expressions since they share common ancestors

Blind Individuals
Blind individuals should show the same facial expressions as sighted people, despite never seeing them
This shows that facial expressions are evolutionary

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13
Q

Were Darwin’s 3 predictions true?

A

Humans - cross cultural display
True:
Groups display same basic emotions across cultures
Isolated groups also can identify those emotions

Apes
True:
Apes display similar basic emotions as humans

Blind individuals
True;
blind babies exhibit same facial expressions as sighted babies, especially for basic emotions

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14
Q

What are the 5 universal emotional expressions across cultures?

A

Anger
Fear
Disgust
Joy
sadness

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15
Q

Expression Norms

A

Values of culture influence
How we experience & express emotions as adults
Eg. Men & Women express emotions differently due to how they were raised

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16
Q

Culture-Specific Expressions

A

Basic emotions across different cultures can show modified expressions due to Socially entrenched cultural values
Eg. America vs Japan

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17
Q

Physiology of Emotions is about

A

How emotion affect our bodies
Physiological activation -> autonomic arousal
Eg
Heart racing
Lump in thoat
Hands feel cold and clammy

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18
Q

Arousal:

A

Physiological & Psychological state of being awoken
State of heightened alertness
Result of stimulation
Greater stimulation = greater arousal
Works on a spectrum
Can be positive or negative (excitement or fear)

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19
Q

3 types of arousals

A

Cognitive arousal
Physical arousal
Emotional arousal

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20
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

System that is activated as a response to emotions

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21
Q

What are the two systems of Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System: Fight or flight
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Rest and Digest

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22
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System
(Autonomic Nervous system -> 2 systems)

A

Creates Fight or flight physiological responses
Accelerated heart beat
Inhibits digestive activity
Stimulates glucose release
Stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

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23
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System
(Autonomic Nervous system -> 2 systems)

A

Creates Rest or digest physiological responses
Physiological reactions that restore our body back to homeostatic equilibrium
Slows heartbeat
Stimulates digestive activity

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24
Q

Theories of emotions explains

A

The relationship between physiological arousal + emotional experience

25
3 Theories of Emotion
James-Lang Theory Cannon-Bard Theory Schacter's Two-Factor Theory
26
James-Lang Theory of emotion & physiological arousal and issue?
James-Lang Theory: Stimulus -> Physiological arousal -> subjective feeling (emotion) Issue: Reaction is too long & slow
27
Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion & physiological arousal and issue?
Cannon-Bard Theory: Stimulus -> Physiological arousal + Subjective Feeling (Emotion) Issue: missing cognitive element Misattribution of arousal
28
Schacter's Two-Factor Theory of emotion & physiological arousal and issue?
Schacter's Two Factor Theory: We experience simultaneous conscious sensation & arousal, but attribute label from context to determine the emotion Factor 1: Autonomic arousal (Arousal) -> how you experience the emotion Factor 2: Cognitive appraisal/ interpretation -> determines the emotion (labels it)
29
Emotions are reactive & reflexive but do not make sense on a conscious level without___
Cognitive interpretation and attribution (Schacter's Two-Factor Theory)
30
Emotions -> triggered by stimulus/event BUT Emotion is a reaction -> ___ of the stimulus
Cognitive evaluations
31
Fast pathway of emotion
Limbic system (Thalamus -> Amygdala) Very rapid, automatic emotional reactions
32
Slow pathway of emotion
Cerebral cortex: planning & reasoning centres of the frontal lobe Thoughtful evaluations & Mental reframing
33
Why is it important to regulate our emotions to be socially adaptive?
Emotions are reactive and communicative but can be disruptive
34
Emotional regulation
Efforts to control emotional states Includes our ability to modulate (change) and alter one's emotional experience
35
3 emotion regulation strategies
Control of attention Cognitive reappraisal Expressive suppression
36
Control of attention (3 ways to regulate emotions)
Distract yourself from triggers Focus attention on useful elements
37
Cognitive reappraisal (3 ways to regulate emotions)
Mentally reframe the situation to side step emotional triggers Eg. Mindfulness, humour
38
Expressive suppression (3 ways to regulate emotions)
Over-express certain postures, gestures or expressions to mask emotions Eg. Fake smile to mask anger
39
Why do we need to know about emotions?
Being aware of client's emotions can impact on their recovery outcome and overall well-being It is important to regulate your own emotions when working as an AHA and practice emotional self care
40
How do emotions impact our client directly?
Mental health physiology
41
How do emotions affect our client indirectly?
Engagement in treatment Participation in healthy & unhealthy behaviours Relationship with professional
42
Affect
Observable behaviours that express an individual's emotion
43
Affect is variable
Fluctuates in response to changing emotional states
44
Illness and pain is a subjective experience because ___
Experience is influenced by emotions which are subjective.
45
Kubler-Ross 5-stage model of grief & loss: (Theoretical model of emotion)
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
46
Shock
Initial reaction to event of injury Associated with traumatic even Cause inability to comprehend severity of situation Timespan can vary from minutes to hours to days
47
Denial
Initial reaction to injury or illness Inability to comprehend severity of injury Innate defense mechanism to avoid anxiety Inability to accept change to self-concept
48
Anger
Occurs after denial Emotional response / defence mechanism to pain
49
Anxiety
In early recovery Response to news of surgery or intervention In later recovery Response to returning to work Anxiousness of re-injury
50
Fear
In early recovery Fear of pain due to movement Fear of re-injury Later recovery Fear of new interventions Fear of returning to new activity
51
Sadness
May be due to previous experience influencing reaction Related to past events or experience Evoked during recovery by lack of function, social isolation, awareness of rehabilitation time frame Timespan can vary from minutes to hours/days
52
Joy
Response to Positive news Sense of achievement or mastery of task during rehab
53
Relief
Response to Receiving positive diagnosis Completing feared task during rehab
54
Excitement
Response to Upcoming challenge Receiving positive news about returning to function Change to functional status
55
Interest
In early recovery Pursuit of knowledge and information about condition Late recovery Assisting cognitive processing of impending challengers & barriers to rehabilitation
56
Psychodynamic perspective on emotions
Emotions are unconscious Influence thought, behaviour & health Humans delude themselves to avoid unpleasant emotions Clients are unaware of their emotional expression until pointed out by professional
57
Cognitive perspective on emotions
Cognitive judgement is crucial to emotional experiences Schacter's Two-Factor Theory Clients use cognitive appraisal based off of environment, previous knowledge -> influence emotion expressed
58
Evolutionary perspective on emotions
Emotions have an adaptive purpose Emotions were used to communicate to increase chance of survival
59
Maladaptive response
Responses -> negative impact

ALHT106 Exam (module 1-12) (11 decks)

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