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ALHT106 Exam (module 1-12) > Module 8 - Emotions > Flashcards

Module 8 - Emotions Flashcards

1
Q

What is emotion (3)?

A

Spontaneous, involuntary, evaluative responses
To specific environmental conditions
Purpose: to direct action in real time

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of emotion response?

A

Subjective experience (feelings )
Reflexive behaviour (physical behaviour, slouch, facial expressions)
Physiological arousal (arousal)

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3
Q

Subjective experience: (2)
(3 components of emotion)

A

Feelings
It is subjective: Differences in intensity of feelings between individuals

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4
Q

What are the 2 categories of subjective experience?
(3 components of emotion)

A

Negative affect
Positive affect

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5
Q

Tendency to experience positive / negative emotions is heritable?
T/F

A

T

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6
Q

Differences between people’s tendency to experience negative / positive emotions is due to?

A

Difference in an individual’s neurotransmitter system

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7
Q

Feelings such as sad, gloomy, miserable and jealous are examples of ___ affect?

A

Negative affect

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8
Q

Feeling such as job, relaxed and happy are examples of ___affect?

A

Positive affect

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9
Q

What is the difference between mood and emotion?

A

Emotion:
immediate sensations
More Intense
Short-lived
Influence thoughts in real time

Mood:
Longer duration
Lower intensity
Diffuse feelings of positivity or negativity
‘general state’
Internalised / not observable

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10
Q

3 reflexive behaviours triggered by emotions?
(3 components of emotion)

A

Change in posture
Body language
Facial expressions

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11
Q

Innate social signalling

A

Darwin argued that overt displays served innate social signalling so the group as a whole are more informed

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12
Q

What is Darwin’s
3 predictions for innate facial expressions?

A

Humans
Facial anatomy is shared across all humans
If emotive expressions are revolved reflexes then they should be present across all cultures

Apes
Should display basic facial expressions since they share common ancestors

Blind Individuals
Blind individuals should show the same facial expressions as sighted people, despite never seeing them
This shows that facial expressions are evolutionary

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13
Q

Were Darwin’s 3 predictions true?

A

Humans - cross cultural display
True:
Groups display same basic emotions across cultures
Isolated groups also can identify those emotions

Apes
True:
Apes display similar basic emotions as humans

Blind individuals
True;
blind babies exhibit same facial expressions as sighted babies, especially for basic emotions

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14
Q

What are the 5 universal emotional expressions across cultures?

A

Anger
Fear
Disgust
Joy
sadness

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15
Q

Expression Norms

A

Values of culture influence
How we experience & express emotions as adults
Eg. Men & Women express emotions differently due to how they were raised

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16
Q

Culture-Specific Expressions

A

Basic emotions across different cultures can show modified expressions due to Socially entrenched cultural values
Eg. America vs Japan

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17
Q

Physiology of Emotions is about

A

How emotion affect our bodies
Physiological activation -> autonomic arousal
Eg
Heart racing
Lump in thoat
Hands feel cold and clammy

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18
Q

Arousal:

A

Physiological & Psychological state of being awoken
State of heightened alertness
Result of stimulation
Greater stimulation = greater arousal
Works on a spectrum
Can be positive or negative (excitement or fear)

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19
Q

3 types of arousals

A

Cognitive arousal
Physical arousal
Emotional arousal

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20
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

System that is activated as a response to emotions

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21
Q

What are the two systems of Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System: Fight or flight
Parasympathetic Nervous System: Rest and Digest

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22
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System
(Autonomic Nervous system -> 2 systems)

A

Creates Fight or flight physiological responses
Accelerated heart beat
Inhibits digestive activity
Stimulates glucose release
Stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

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23
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System
(Autonomic Nervous system -> 2 systems)

A

Creates Rest or digest physiological responses
Physiological reactions that restore our body back to homeostatic equilibrium
Slows heartbeat
Stimulates digestive activity

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24
Q

Theories of emotions explains

A

The relationship between physiological arousal + emotional experience

25
Q

3 Theories of Emotion

A

James-Lang Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schacter’s Two-Factor Theory

26
Q

James-Lang Theory
of emotion & physiological arousal and issue?

A

James-Lang Theory:
Stimulus -> Physiological arousal -> subjective feeling (emotion)

Issue: Reaction is too long & slow

27
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory
of emotion & physiological arousal and issue?

A

Cannon-Bard Theory:
Stimulus -> Physiological arousal + Subjective Feeling (Emotion)

Issue:
missing cognitive element
Misattribution of arousal

28
Q

Schacter’s Two-Factor Theory
of emotion & physiological arousal and issue?

A

Schacter’s Two Factor Theory:
We experience simultaneous conscious sensation & arousal, but attribute label from context to determine the emotion
Factor 1: Autonomic arousal (Arousal) -> how you experience the emotion
Factor 2: Cognitive appraisal/ interpretation -> determines the emotion (labels it)

29
Q

Emotions are reactive & reflexive but do not make sense on a conscious level without___

A

Cognitive interpretation and attribution (Schacter’s Two-Factor Theory)

30
Q

Emotions -> triggered by stimulus/event
BUT
Emotion is a reaction -> ___ of the stimulus

A

Cognitive evaluations

31
Q

Fast pathway of emotion

A

Limbic system (Thalamus -> Amygdala)
Very rapid, automatic emotional reactions

32
Q

Slow pathway of emotion

A

Cerebral cortex: planning & reasoning centres of the frontal lobe
Thoughtful evaluations & Mental reframing

33
Q

Why is it important to regulate our emotions to be socially adaptive?

A

Emotions are reactive and communicative but can be disruptive

34
Q

Emotional regulation

A

Efforts to control emotional states
Includes our ability to modulate (change) and alter one’s emotional experience

35
Q

3 emotion regulation strategies

A

Control of attention
Cognitive reappraisal
Expressive suppression

36
Q

Control of attention
(3 ways to regulate emotions)

A

Distract yourself from triggers
Focus attention on useful elements

37
Q

Cognitive reappraisal
(3 ways to regulate emotions)

A

Mentally reframe the situation to side step emotional triggers
Eg. Mindfulness, humour

38
Q

Expressive suppression
(3 ways to regulate emotions)

A

Over-express certain postures, gestures or expressions to mask emotions
Eg. Fake smile to mask anger

39
Q

Why do we need to know about emotions?

A

Being aware of client’s emotions can impact on their recovery outcome and overall well-being
It is important to regulate your own emotions when working as an AHA and practice emotional self care

40
Q

How do emotions impact our client directly?

A

Mental health
physiology

41
Q

How do emotions affect our client indirectly?

A

Engagement in treatment
Participation in healthy & unhealthy behaviours
Relationship with professional

42
Q

Affect

A

Observable behaviours
that express an individual’s emotion

43
Q

Affect is variable

A

Fluctuates in response to changing emotional states

44
Q

Illness and pain is a subjective experience because ___

A

Experience is influenced by emotions which are subjective.

45
Q

Kubler-Ross 5-stage model of grief & loss:
(Theoretical model of emotion)

A

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

46
Q

Shock

A

Initial reaction to event of injury
Associated with traumatic even
Cause inability to comprehend severity of situation
Timespan can vary from minutes to hours to days

47
Q

Denial

A

Initial reaction to injury or illness
Inability to comprehend severity of injury
Innate defense mechanism to avoid anxiety
Inability to accept change to self-concept

48
Q

Anger

A

Occurs after denial
Emotional response / defence mechanism to pain

49
Q

Anxiety

A

In early recovery
Response to news of surgery or intervention
In later recovery
Response to returning to work
Anxiousness of re-injury

50
Q

Fear

A

In early recovery
Fear of pain due to movement
Fear of re-injury
Later recovery
Fear of new interventions
Fear of returning to new activity

51
Q

Sadness

A

May be due to previous experience influencing reaction
Related to past events or experience
Evoked during recovery by lack of function, social isolation, awareness of rehabilitation time frame
Timespan can vary from minutes to hours/days

52
Q

Joy

A

Response to
Positive news
Sense of achievement or mastery of task during rehab

53
Q

Relief

A

Response to
Receiving positive diagnosis
Completing feared task during rehab

54
Q

Excitement

A

Response to
Upcoming challenge
Receiving positive news about returning to function
Change to functional status

55
Q

Interest

A

In early recovery
Pursuit of knowledge and information about condition
Late recovery
Assisting cognitive processing of impending challengers & barriers to rehabilitation

56
Q

Psychodynamic perspective on emotions

A

Emotions are unconscious
Influence thought, behaviour & health
Humans delude themselves to avoid unpleasant emotions
Clients are unaware of their emotional expression until pointed out by professional

57
Q

Cognitive perspective on emotions

A

Cognitive judgement is crucial to emotional experiences
Schacter’s Two-Factor Theory
Clients use cognitive appraisal based off of environment, previous knowledge -> influence emotion expressed

58
Q

Evolutionary perspective on emotions

A

Emotions have an adaptive purpose
Emotions were used to communicate to increase chance of survival

59
Q

Maladaptive response

A

Responses -> negative impact

ALHT106 Exam (module 1-12) (11 decks)

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