Module 4.2 Carbohydrates

Question 2

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 2

A class of biomolecules ranging from small sugar molecules to large molecules called such as starch.

Question 3

Large carbohydrate molecules are called

Answer 3

polysaccharides

Question 4

Small carbohydrate molecules are called

Answer 4

monosaccharides

Question 5

Carbohydrates are important to a

Answer 5

healthy body

Question 6

What are the two main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.

Question 7

Where are simple carbohydrates found?

Answer 7

• Fruits
• Milk
• Vegetables

Question 8

Where are complex carbohydrates found?

Answer 8

• Bread
• Legumes
• Rice
• Starchy vegetables

Question 9

What do complex carbohydrates provide?

Answer 9

• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Fiber

Question 10

What atoms make up carbohydrates?

Answer 10

C, H, and O atoms.

Question 11

What are the four main functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

• Fuel
• Building blocks
• Tag cells (like markers)
• Storage

Question 12

How do carbohydrates function as fuel?

Answer 12

They are used as a source of energy to make ATP.

Question 13

What is carb loading?

Answer 13

The practice of consuming carbohydrates to increase energy reserves before a long run.

Question 14

What structural role do carbohydrates play in plants?

Answer 14

Plant cell walls are made of cellulose, providing shape and protection.

Question 15

What is the simple sugar that makes up DNA?

Answer 15

Deoxyribose.

Question 16

Red blood cells in your body have specific

Answer 16

carbohydrates (attached to proteins) on the outside

Question 17

The specific carbohydrates in red blood cells are used by

Answer 17

other cells for identification​

Question 18

Carbohydrates are also added to structures within organisms to

Answer 18

change, tag, or mark that molecule

Question 19

How do carbohydrates tag cells?

Answer 19

They are added to structures within organisms to change, tag, or mark molecules.

Question 20

What is storage?

Answer 20

a function of carbohydrates

Question 21

Storage in carbohydrates can be

Answer 21

short- or long-term

Question 22

What is glycogen?

Answer 22

A form of short-term energy storage in animals.

Question 23

What is starch?

Answer 23

A form of long-term energy storage in plants.

Question 24

Carbohydrate molecules are classified by

Answer 24

the number of monomers / subunits / building blocks that compose them

Question 25

Monosaccharides are classified by the

Answer 25

number of monomers that compose them.

Question 26

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 26

Monomers, the Building blocks of carbohydrates. Are the simplest carbohydrates

Question 27

What is the formula for monosaccharides?

Answer 27

CₓH₂ₓOₓ.

Question 28

Monosaccharides are the simplest

Answer 28

carbohydrates

Question 29

Monosaccharides can exist as

Answer 29

linear or ring structures

Question 30

What is the most common simple sugar?

Answer 30

Glucose.

Question 31

Name five monosaccharides you need to know (most common).

Answer 31

* Glucose * Fructose * Galactose * Ribose * Deoxyribose (get to know what these look like!)

Question 32

What are disaccharides?

Answer 32

Two monosaccharides joined together by a dehydration reaction.

Question 33

What is maltose?

Answer 33

A disaccharide of two glucose molecules.

Question 34

What is sucrose?

Answer 34

A disaccharide of a glucose and a fructose molecule.

Question 35

Name two disaccharides you need to know.

Answer 35

* Sucrose * Lactose (Know what they look like!)

Question 36

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 36

Many monosaccharides together, typically in long chains with some branching.

Question 37

Name three polysaccharides you need to know.

Answer 37

* Cellulose * Starch * Glycogen (memorize what they look like)

Question 37

Poly means

Answer 37

"many"

Question 38

How are carbohydrates broken down?

Answer 38

During a hydrolysis reaction by adding water to break bonds.