Module 7.1 DNA Biology & Replication

Question 1

DNA and RNA polymers of

Answer 1

nucleotides

Composed of phosphate functional group, sugar, and nitrogenous bases.

Question 2

What are DNA and RNA made of?

Answer 2

Phosphate functional group, sugar/monosaccharid​, and nitrogenous bases.

Question 3

What sugar is found in DNA?

Answer 3

Deoxyribose

Question 4

What sugar is found in RNA?

Answer 4

Ribose

Question 5

What nitrogenous bases are present in DNA?

Answer 5

C, G, A, T

Question 6

What nitrogenous bases are present in RNA?

Answer 6

C, G, A, U

Question 7

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 7

Double ring (larger) and single ring (smaller)

Question 8

Double ring consists of

Answer 8

A (adenine), G (guanine)

Question 9

Single ring consists of

Answer 9

T (thymine), C (cytosine), U (uracil)

Question 10

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 10

Double helix with 2 single strands wound together

Question 11

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 11

Single stranded

Question 12

Each single strand of DNA has a backbone on the

Answer 12

outside like uprights of ladder

Question 13

What forms the backbone of DNA?

Answer 13

Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar connected by covalent bonds

Question 14

What base pairs with adenine in DNA?

Answer 14

Thymine

Question 15

What base pairs with guanine in DNA?

Answer 15

Cytosine

Question 16

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 16

46 chromosomes

Question 17

The two DNA molecules are held together by

Answer 17

hydrogen bonds

Question 18

How are chromosomes structured?

Answer 18

Linear pieces of DNA bound to proteins called histones

Question 19

G and C pairs have how many hydrogen bonds?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

A and T pairs have how many hydrogen bonds?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

Each of our cells has how many feet of DNA in the nucleus?

Answer 21

6 feet

Question 22

Each of our cells has how many feet of DNA in the nucleus?

Answer 22

6 feet

Question 24

What are genes?

Answer 24

Segments of DNA copied into RNA

Question 26

How many genes do humans have?

Answer 26

20,000-22,000 genes

Question 27

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Answer 27

Major enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands

Question 28

What does DNA replication result in?

Answer 28

2 new DNA double helix molecules

Question 29

What is the first step in the process of DNA replication?

Answer 29

Open DNA double helix at origin of replication

Question 30

What happens during the second step of DNA replication?

Answer 30

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA on each parent strand

Question 31

What is the proofreading capability of DNA polymerase?

Answer 31

Corrects 99.999% errors

Question 32

What happens when replication bubbles fuse?

Answer 32

Replication stops