Module 6.1 Energy and Metabolism

Question 1

What occurs during chemical reactions?

Answer 1

Bonds are broken or formed and energy is absorbed or released.

Question 2

What are the three types of chemical reactions?

Answer 2

• Combination reaction
• Decomposition reaction
• Recombination reaction

Question 3

The left side molecules of a chemical reaction are called

Answer 3

reactants

Question 4

The left side molecules of a chemical reaction are called

Answer 4

products

Question 5

All chemical reactions MUST have the same number of

Answer 5

each element’s atoms on either side of the arrow.​

Question 6

How is the reaction CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 read?

Answer 6

1 molecule of carbon dioxide and 1 molecule of water combine to make 1 molecule of carbonic acid.

Question 7

What indicates a reversible reaction?

Answer 7

A two-headed arrow.

Question 8

What must all chemical reactions have?

Answer 8

The same number of each element’s atoms on either side of the arrow.

Question 9

What is the first step in balancing chemical equations?

Answer 9

Write down the number of atoms of each element of the reactants and products.

Question 10

Balance the equation: H2 + N2 → NH3.

Answer 10

3H2 + N2 → 2NH3.

Question 11

What is the balanced version of the equation: NaOH → Na2O + H2O?

Answer 11

2NaOH → Na2O + H2O.

Question 12

What is the balanced reaction for C6H6O3 + 3O2?

Answer 12

C6H6O3 + 3O2 → 6CO + 3H2O.

Question 13

What is the balanced reaction for Na + 2H2O → H2 + 2NaOH?

Answer 13

2Na + 2H2O → H2 + 2NaOH.

Question 14

How can a chemical reaction in a test tube be sped up?

Answer 14

• Increasing the concentration of the reactants
• Increasing the temperature of a reaction

Question 15

Cells must depend on what to speed up chemical reactions​

Answer 15

Enzymes

Question 16

What are most enzymes made of?

Answer 16

Proteins or sometimes RNA.

Question 17

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 17

Speed up reactions in living organisms and act as catalysts.

Question 18

Catalysts can be used

Answer 18

over and over again

Question 19

An enzymes structure:

Answer 19

A folded molecule with a “pocket” or active site where reaction occurs​

Question 20

An equation that uses an enzyme

Answer 20

Question 21

If there is something written above the arrow in an equation with an -ase ending, it is usually a

Answer 21

enzyme equation/reaction

Question 22

In order for chemical reactions to occur, the reactants must first absorb

Answer 22

energy

Question 23

What is the energy of activation (EA)?

Answer 23

The energy needed for reactants to absorb before a chemical reaction can occur.

Question 24

Enzymes speed up reactions by

Answer 24

lowering the energy of activation​

Question 25

An enzyme is often a

Answer 25

protein with a pocket or active site

Question 26

For enzymes, the reactants are called

Answer 26

substrates

Question 27

The Enzyme Reaction process

Answer 27

1. Substrates entering active site of the enzyme​ 2. Reaction occurs making product​ 3. Product leaves the enzyme​ 4. Enzyme free to get more reactants and repeat​

Question 28

Enzymes are very specific—only certain substrates can

Answer 28

fit in the active site

Question 29

True or False: Enzymes are very efficient-many times faster than chemical reactions without enzymes

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or False: Enzymes are used up during the reactions they catalyze.

Answer 30

False.

Question 31

Enzymes do two things:

Answer 31

* bring molecules together (matchmakers) * separate molecules (divorce lawyers)

Question 32

Enzymes are (one word)

Answer 32

catalysts

Question 33

What is the optimal temperature for enzymes in the human body?

Answer 33

37°C.

Question 34

Enzymes work best at a given

Answer 34

temperature and pH

Question 35

What is the optimal pH for most of the body's enzymes?

Answer 35

Around pH 7, which is neutral.

Question 36

Enzymes in certain parts of our body like to work in pH

Answer 36

2

Question 37

What are the two types of energy?

Answer 37

* Kinetic * Potential

Question 38

ATP powers nearly all

Answer 38

form of work in cells

Question 39

Potential energy:

Answer 39

Potential to do work​. Is stored energy

Question 40

Kinetic energy:

Answer 40

Does work​. Is energy of motion

Question 41

What happens when the third phosphate bond in ATP is broken?

Answer 41

A small amount of energy is released.

Question 42

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 42

Adenosine diphosphate.

Question 43

When the third phosphate bond in ATP is broken and energy is release, it makes

Answer 43

ADP with 2 phosphates and inorganic phosphate

Question 44

How is ADP compared to ATP?

Answer 44

ADP is like an uncharged battery with low energy.

Question 45

ATP-ADP Cycle​ graphic

Answer 45