Module 4.1 Intro to Biomolecules

Question 1

Biomolecules and macromolecules are

Answer 1

found in or derived from living organisms.

Question 2

Biomolecules or Macromolecules are a subset of

Answer 2

organic molecules

Question 3

The four biomolecules are

Answer 3

Carbs, Lipids (fats), Proteins (amino acids), and nucleic acids

Question 4

From bio—

Answer 4

life and molecules = molecules of life

Question 5

From macro—

Answer 5

big and molecules = big molecules

Question 6

What are organic molecules?

Answer 6

Molecules that are found in or derived from living organisms.

Question 7

What elements do organic molecules contain?

Answer 7

Carbon and hydrogen in rings or chains.

Question 8

Is CO2 an organic molecule?

Answer 8

No.

Question 9

Define biomolecules.

Answer 9

Molecules of life or macromolecules found in or produced by living organisms.

Question 10

What is the significance of carbon in organic molecules?

Answer 10

Carbon has 4 valence electrons, allows for 4 covalent bonds, and can form linear or ring structures.

Question 11

What is a carbon skeleton?

Answer 11

Carbon skeleton is the backbone of an organic molecule. It’s the structure formed by carbon atoms in a molecule.

Question 12

What are functional groups?

Answer 12

Groups of molecules attached to the carbon skeleton that affect a molecule’s function.

Question 13

Functional groups are

Answer 13

Different molecular groups that have a function

Question 14

Functional groups affect

Answer 14

a molecule’s function by participating in chemical reactions in characteristic ways

Question 15

Whatever is hooked on a molecule determine

Answer 15

an organic molecule’s unique chemical properties​

Question 16

List the 6 major functional groups.

Answer 16

• Hydroxyl
• Carbonyl
• Carboxyl
• Amino
• Phosphate
• Sulfhydryl

Question 17

What is the hydroxyl group?

Answer 17

A functional group –O-H.

Question 18

Most hydroxyl groups are

Answer 18

polar and form hydrogen bonds.

Question 19

What does the name hydroxyl mean?

Answer 19

Hydro, the first part of hydrogen and Oxy, the first part of oxygen

Question 20

Hydroxyl (–O-H​) is an

Answer 20

alcohol

Question 21

What is a carboxyl group and what characteristics does it have?

Answer 21

A functional group COOH that is polar and acidic.

Question 22

The two types of carbonyl groups

Answer 22

aldehydes and ketones

Question 23

What are aldehydes and ketones?

Answer 23

Carbonyl groups with C=O (double bonded O attached to the carbon);

Question 24

The difference between aldehydes and ketones is where the

Answer 24

double bonded O is attached

Question 25

Aldehydes are where in a molecule?

Answer 25

at the end of a molecule,

Question 26

Ketones are where in a molecule?

Answer 26

are in the middle.

Question 27

Carboxyl groups have a

Answer 27

Hydroxyl group --OH and and carbonyl group =O off the carbon. Also COOH

Question 28

Carboxyl groups are polar or nonpolar?

Answer 28

Polar. They like to form hydrogen bonds and make connections with other molecules

Question 29

What type of acids are carboxylic acids?

Answer 29

They are acidic and can lose a proton from the carboxyl group.

Question 30

Most biologic acids (such as citric acid) are

Answer 30

carboxylic acids

Question 31

What is an amino group?

Answer 31

A functional group -N or –NH2 that is polar, basic, and contains nitrogen.

Question 32

Amino groups are called

Answer 32

amines

Question 33

Most basic biomolecules are made with

Answer 33

amines​

Question 34

Amino groups will form

Answer 34

hydrogen bonds

Question 35

Amino groups are the only group that contains

Answer 35

nitrogen

Question 36

What are phosphates?

Answer 36

Functional groups –OPO3-2 that are polar, acidic, and found in nucleic acids DNA and RNA as well as energy molecules ATP and ADP.

Question 37

Phosphate groups do not form

Answer 37

hydrogen bonds with each other

Question 38

What is a sulfhydryl group?

Answer 38

A functional group –S-H that is polar and basic.

Question 39

Sulfhydryl Group

Answer 39

found in cysteine an amino acid used to make protein

Question 40

Sulfhydryl Groups are called

Answer 40

thiois

Question 41

You find Sulfhydryl Group in

Answer 41

human perpetration or skunk spray

Question 42

How do two sulfhydryl groups interact?

Answer 42

They can form a covalent bond, such as a disulfide bridge in proteins.

Question 43

Biomolecules are made of

Answer 43

smaller molecules put together to make larger molecules

Question 44

What are monomers?

Answer 44

Smaller molecules that make up biomolecules (like beads on a necklace).

Question 45

What are polymers?

Answer 45

Large molecules made of many monomers strung together (the necklace).

Question 46

Complete the following: A carbohydrate is made of _______.

Answer 46

Monosaccharides.

Question 47

Complete the following: A protein is made of _______.

Answer 47

Amino acids.

Question 48

Complete the following: A nucleic acid is made of _______.

Answer 48

Nucleotides.

Question 49

Lipids are not made from any

Answer 49

monomers

Question 50

The word dehydration tells us

Answer 50

what the reaction is​

Question 51

Dehydration build

Answer 51

polymers. They build bigger things

Question 52

What is the dehydration reaction?

Answer 52

A reaction that removes water to string monomers together.

Question 53

When you have a dehydration reaction and remove a water, you create a

Answer 53

bond. It creates something bigger

Question 54

In our body, the dehydration process can build

Answer 54

proteins, carbs, fats, and nucleic acids and so forth.

Question 55

What happens during the dehydration of sugar with sulfuric acid?

Answer 55

Water is removed, leaving elemental carbon.

Question 56

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 56

Using water to break apart polymers into monomers.

Question 57

The hydrolysis reaction breaks down

Answer 57

the polymer. It breaks down bigger things

Question 58

What is the role of biomolecules in the body?

Answer 58

They are the most plentiful molecules after water.