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DMD 1 Sem 1 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 patterns of chronic inflammation

A

Granuloma, suppuration, mixed

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2
Q

Granuloma is characterized by the accumulation of________. Macrophages may eventually resemble and form___________

A

Macrophages, T cells
epithelioid and giant cells

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of chronic granulomatous inflammation

A

Immune, Foreign Body, Unknown Origin

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4
Q

Granuloma formation is a cellular attempt to__________

A

CONTAIN an offending agent that is difficult to eradicate

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5
Q

Macrophage is the dominant cell type during chronic inflammation w/ persistent________

A

infection

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6
Q

Macrophage secretes__________

A

cytokines & growth factors

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7
Q

Lymphocytes is the dominant cell type during chronic inflammation w/__________

Once activated, tends to be_____________

A

Autoimmune & other hypersensitive diseases

Persistent & severe

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8
Q

T cell activates macrophage using_________

A

IFN-gamma

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9
Q

Granulomatous inflammation is dependent on_________responses

A

Lymphocytes (B,T,NK cells)

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10
Q

_________is the dominant cell type for suppurant chronic inflammation

A

Neutrophils

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11
Q

_________is the dominant cell type for granulomatous chronic inflammation

A

Macrophages/ Lymphocytes

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12
Q

List 2 examples of mixed type chronic inflammation

A

rheumatoid arthritis, crohn’s dz

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of NSAIDS

A

traditional, COX 2 inhibitor

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14
Q

Risk of heart attack/stroke when using NSAIDS is the highest during____________

A

1st month of use w/ higher doses

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15
Q

T/F, Paracetamol is analgesic and anti-inflammatory

A

F, only Analgesic & antipyretic

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16
Q

Paracetamol can possibly interact w/_______

A

Warfarin

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17
Q

___________can increase the tendency to bleed

A

NSAIDS

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18
Q

COX converts_________to__________

A

Arachidonic Acid > Prostaglandins

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19
Q

Steroid is derived from__________

A

Cholesterol

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20
Q

Steroids regulate which 3 important processes ?

A

Carbs regulation, mineral balance, reproductive

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21
Q

_________converts arachidonic acid to Leukotrienes

A

Lip oxygenases

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22
Q

MMP (Matrix Metalloproteinase) is regulated by which 3 things ?

A

Growth factors, cytokines, ROS

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23
Q

MMP controls______________

A

collagen synthesis & degradation

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24
Q

_________is the richest source of histamine ?

A

mast cell

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25
release of histamine can be triggered by which 2 ways ?
Physical trauma & cell surface receptors engagement
26
How does histamine affect blood vessels & lungs ?
- Vasodilation of artierioles > Odema - Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle
27
How does serotonin affect blood vessels ?
Vasoconstriction (5HT2 receptor), Vasodilation (5HT1)
28
Which 4 cytokines cause fever ?
IL1B, 6, 10. TNF
29
30
Which cytokine cause anorexia ?
IL1B
31
IL 6 can cause ?
fever & aggresion
32
Blocking_______would inhibit the formation of granuloma and thus more susceptable to infection
TNF
33
Chemokines bind to what kind of receptors ?
GPCR
34
Chemotaxis, leucocyte recruitment and activation can be achieved by: Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) All of the answers are correct Chemokines TNF and IL-1 C3a and C5a
All
35
Which of the following is a pattern-recognition receptor? Toll-like receptor 4 E-selectin Complement fragment 3 Interleukin-1 receptor TNF receptor
Toll-like receptor 4
36
Which of the following is the primary precursor for endogenous glucocorticoids? Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone Aldosterone Coristone
cortisone ?
37
Which of the following best defines a 'drug'? A substance which, when introduced to the body, exerts a psychogenic effect A substance of synthetic origin which exerts a biological effect A substance, when metabolised by the body, exerts a biological effect A substance, when produced by the body, exerts a biological effect A substance which, when introduced to the body, exerts a biological effect
A substance which, when introduced to the body, exerts a biological effect
38
Which one of the following is NOT a cytokine-induced systemic manifestation of inflammation? Fever Secondary inflammation of vessels near lymphatics Leukocytosis Increased blood pressure
Increased blood pressure
39
When inflammatory lesions involve tissue damage, the process of repair is stimulated. Which of the following statements concerning repair is correct? Fibrin is an important component of fibrous tissue An adequate blood supply is essential for the formation of fibrous tissue Repair only occurs in tissues composed of “permanent” cells The fibrin meshwork is formed early and has no role in subsequent migration of cells Repair does not involve the formation of granulation tissue
An adequate blood supply is essential for the formation of fibrous tissue
40
Which cell type is present in a granuloma but not in a granulation tissue? Lymphocyte Fibroblast Epithelioid cell Myofibroblast Macrophage
Epithelioid cell
41
What are the 3 types of hormones ?
Steroid, Peptide, AA
42
What are the 2 adrenal steroids ?
Cortisone (glucocorticoid), Aldosterone(mineralcorticoid)
43
Suppression of inflammation & immune responses is the effect of (glucocorticoid/mineralcorticoids) ?
Gluco
44
hypertension is the effect of (glucocorticoid/mineralcorticoids)
mineral
45
Hypothalamus release_________hormone, which stimulates_________to release__________
CRH, Anterior Pituatary, ACTH
46
__________stimulates the release of Cortisol from adrenal gland ?
ACTH
47
(Gluco/Mineralcorticoids) alter water balance in concert w/_________ ?
Mineralcorticoids, Vasopressin
48
__________can undergo pathway to convert to cortisol
Progesterone
49
Glucocorticoids is made in zona________
fasciculata
50
Mineralcorticoids is made in zona________
glomerulosa
51
androgen is made in zona_________
reticularis
52
- Cushing's dysfxntion is caused by_______overpdtion - It can lead to___________
- ACTH - diabete, swollen face, hypertension
53
- Addison's dysfxntion is caused by____________
- Adrenal atrophy, Dec in steroid pdtion
54
COX2 is also a constitutional enzyme found in which 2 other places ?
Kidney, Vascular tissue
55
(Paracetamol/NSAIDS) inc. the risk of heart attack & strokes ?
NSAIDS
56
Ibuprofen belongs to which drug class ?
traditional NSAIDS
57
Celecoxib belong to which drug class
COX2 inhibiting NSAIDS
58
Meloxicam belongs to which drug class
COX2 inhibiting NSAIDS
59
Diclofenac belongs to which drug class ?
traditional NSAIDS
60
TNF & IL1 are critical in________recruitment ?
Leukocyte
61
- TNF & IL1 are produced primarily by__________ -IL1a___________
- activated macrophages & dendritic cells - constitutively expressed in nucleus of endothelial & epithelial cells
62
__________can fxn as alarmin (DAMP)
IL1a
63
_________guide leukocytes to the site of infection/inflammation
chemokines use chemoattractant gradient
64
Complement sys. fxn in (innate/adaptive) immune sys. ?
Both
65
_______suppress inflammation
Lipoxins
66
Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) is_______derived, from some_________cells
Phospholipid, Mast
67
What is PAF's effect on vessels and permeability
Vasoconstriction Bronchoconstriction, inc. permeability
68
What are the 4 major classes of cytokines ?
TNF, CSFs, PDGF, Interferons
69
Blocking______can block rheumatis arthritis
TNF
70
What are bradykin's effects on vessels and permeability ?
Vasodilation Bronchoconstriction, inc. permeability
71
________converts arachidonic acids to prostaglandins ?
Cyclo oxygenase
72
Which cell type is not present in tuberculosis granuloma
Mast cell
73
In complement sys., __________pathway activates C1
Classical
74
In complement sys.,__________pathway activates C3
Alternative
75
Bioconversion of pregnenolone to cortisol occurs in__________
Zona fasiculata
76
What is the function of fibroblast ?
Collagen synthesis
77
Which 3 cytokines are found in chronic inflammation ?
IL12, IFN-gamma, IL-17
78
Which 5 cytokines are found in acute inflammation ?
TNF, chemokines, IL1,6,17
79
Which 5 specific cytokines are produced by macrophages ?
TNF, chemokines, IL1,6,12,17
80
T lymphocytes produce which 4 cytokines ?
TNF, chemokines, IL17, IFN-gamma
81
Does TNF cause vasodilation ?
NO
82
TNF mediates which effects of inflammation ?
Fever, Chemotaxis, leukocyte RECRUITMENT/ACTIVATION
83
Prostaglandins mediates which effects of inflammation ?
Pain, Fever, Vasodilation
84
Which of the following groups of medicines do NOT appear in the top list of PBS drugs in Australia by prescription count? SSRIs (to treat depression and anxiety) Cardiovascular drugs Analgesics Anti-diabetic drugs Antibiotics
Analgesics
85
What are the four main types of drug targets? receptors, electron channels, carrier molecules, enzymes receptors, ion channels, carrier molecules, catalysts receptors, ion channels, carrier molecules, enzymes receptors, allosteric sites, carrier molecules, enzymes receptors, ion channels, mitochondria, enzymes
receptors, ion channels, carrier molecules, enzymes
86
Which statement is NOT a feature of chronic granulomatous inflammation Absence of myofibroblasts Presence of epithelioid cells Presence of giant cells Infiltration of basophils Tissue damage
Infiltration of basophils
87
TNF and IL-1 have a number of effects in common, except: Induce the production of acute phase proteins Activate fibroblasts Increase the procoagulant activity of the endothelium Decrease the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells Endocrine effects
Decrease the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells

DMD 1 Sem 1 (12 decks)

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