Module 6 Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Neutrophils are____lived, Macrophages are____lived
A
short, long
2
Q
T/F, basophils are normally found in periphery tissues
A
F
3
Q
________are REQUIRED to activate Adaptive immunity
A
Antigen Presenting Cells
4
Q
which 2 types of antibodies are good at neutralization to prevent infection ?
A
Ig A & G
5
Q
Ig__is always found anchored to the membrane of B cell as the naive B cell receptor
A
D
6
Q
Ig___is one of the first antibody secreted by B cell, which is a good indicator of early infection ?
A
M
7
Q
What is the most abundant Ig in serum conc. ?
A
Ig G
8
Q
Ig___can opsonize (coat) the surface of particles ?
A
G
9
Q
Ig__is important for mucosal immunity ?
A
A
10
Q
Ig__is a dimer
A
A
11
Q
_________instructs B cells to switch to produce a different kind of antibody when needed ?
A
Helper T cell
12
Q
Only______has the ability to activate naive t cell which in turns activate adaptive immunity ?
A
Dendritic cell (professional Antigen Presenting Cell)
13
Q
T/F, only B cells undergo clonal expansion ?
A
F, both B & T cells do
14
Q
Wolff’s law states that bone will____________
A
change and remodel in response to mechanical loads over time.
15
Q
Which 3 cytokines activate osteoclast ?
A
IL1, TNF a, RANKL protein
16
Q
______controls activity of RANKL
A
OPG
17
Q
Immune sys. cells originate in__________
A
bone marrow
18
Q
Primary lymphoid organs include which 2 ?
A
Bone marrow, Thymus
19
Q
Secondary lymphoid organs include which 3 ?
A
Spleed, lymph node & other associated lymphoid tissues
20
Q
Central sites of immune sys. includes ?
A
Primary & secondary lymphoid organs
21
Q
Common myeloid progenitor cells give rise to which 4 immune cells ?
A
Innate cells = Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte
21
Q
Common lymphoid progenitor cell give rise to which cells ?
A
Adaptive immune cells = Lymphocyte (B, T cells)
22
Q
What is the function of exocyte cells in immune sys.
A
Release important mediators from cytoplasm to extracellular space to eliminate pathogens
22
Q
Is neutrophil a phagocyte ?
A
Yes
23
What is the tissue resident immune cell commonly found in diff parts of body
Mast cell
24
Mast cell perform antimicrobial fxn by which 2 ways ?
1. Degranulating their contents of cytoplast which includes histamine & other factors
2. Dilate blood vessels & inc. vascular permeability
24
Which 3 things will happen after inducing exp. of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells lining blood vessels
1. Attract neutrophils to perform phagocytosis
2. Secrete more inflammatory cytokines
3. extend web-like extracellular traps for bacteria
25
Epithelial, endothelial & resident immune cells express______________to allow them to sense danger
receptors on cell surface
26
In humoral immunity, B cells_______________
secrete antiBODIES to elim. extracellular microbes
26
antigen means__________
antibody generator
27
In gingiva, neutrophils continuously transmigrate through______________
junctional epithelium
27
In cell mediated immunity:
- Helper T cells________________
- help phagocytes to destroy pathogens & help cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells
28
In gingiva, resident LYMPHOCYTES are mainly
T cells, some B cells, Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC)
29
Bacterialcidal (kill/ inhibit growth) ?
kill
30
Benzylpenicillin has a (narrow / moderate / broad) range of action or specturm ?
narrow
31
phenoxymethylpenicillin has a (narrow / moderate / broad) range of action or specturm ?
narrow
32
amoxicillin has a (narrow / moderate / broad) range of action or specturm ?
moderate
33
ampicillin has a (narrow / moderate / broad) range of action or specturm ?
moderate
34
amoxicillin + clavulanate has a (narrow / moderate / broad) range of action or specturm ?
broad
35
Beta Lactams are effective against__________specie
Gram + cocci
36
Nitroimadazoles (metronidazole) are effective against__________specie
ONLY strict anaerobes
37
Macrolides are effective against__________specie
Gram + cocci
38
Glycopeptides are effective against__________specie
Gram + cocci
39
Clindamycin has similar spectrum to_________
penicillin
40
The scientific rationale of prophylaxis is to_____________
eliminate or reduce transient bacteraemia caused by invasive dental procedures
41
Post-op antibiotics are required if a patient is under which 3 circumstances ?
1. immunocompromised
2. past history of infection
3. has systemic features (pallor, sweating, tachycardia, axillary temp > 38C)
42
Which antibiotics or combination should be used for necrotizing periodontal disease ?
Metronidazole
43
Which antibiotics or combination should be used spreading odontogenic infection w/out severe or systemic involvment ?
1. Metronidazole + Pen v
2. Metronidazole + Amoxicillin
3. Amoxicillin + Clavulante
4. Clindamycin
44
Which antibiotics should be used for prophylaxis w/ delayed non severe hypersensitivity ?
Cefelexin
45
Which antibiotics should be used for prophylaxis w/ immediate hypersensitivity ?
Clindamycin
46
Can amoxicillin be used for prophylaxis ?
Yes
47
Osteoid is secreted by__________
Osteoblast
48
Hyperthyroidism can cause excessive bone (resorption/formation)
resorption
49
How does fxntional stress contribute to cyst expansion ?
Fxntional stress results in compression of the soft tissue capsules of bony cyst > RESORPTION > expansion
50
(Fxntional stress/Fxntional strain) can lead to bone formation & cortication ?
Fxntional strain
51
Cementum is_______% mineral
45-50
52
Does cementim contain blood vessels ?
No
53
Does cementum contain nerves ?
No
54
Cementum is (thinner/thicker) towards the crown & (thinner/thicker) towards the apex ?
Thinner, Thicker
55
What are the 2 fxns of cementum ?
Protects the dentine & provide attachment for the PDL fibers
56
Does cementum normally remodel ?
No
57
- Acellular cementum is located in_________.
- Its main fxn is to__________
- cervical 2/3 of root.
- Provide attachment for PDL fibers
57
- Cellular cementum is located in________
- Can it repair or regenerate
- apical 1/3 of root
- minor reparative fxn but CANNOT regenerate
58
Acellular or cellular cementum is formed first ?
Acellular
58
Alveolar bone is_____% mineral
67
58
Cementocyte cannaliculi is oriented towards__________
Vessels in PDL ligament (source of nutrients)
58
Cementocytes form from________________
trapped cementoblast
59
Does it contain blood vessels & nerves ?
YES, lymphatics as well
60
compact (rigid) bone is found on (inner/outer) of alveolar bone ?
Outer
61
In alveolar bone, mature compact bone is organised into_________
Lamellae (circumferential lamellae) on the outside and haversian system on the inside (aka osteons)
61
Haversian canal contains______________
Blood vessel & nerve
62
Horizontal connecting channels in bone is called ?
Volkmann's channel
63
Periosteum is dense______________
irregular connective tissue covering outside of bone
64
_________is anchored alveolar to bone surface via sharpey's fibers ?
Periosteum
65
Which cell lay down new bone matrix ?
Osteoblast
66
Osteoprogenitor cells can differentiate into all kinds of bone cells except__________
Osteoclast
67
The endosteum is made up of very thin layer of________
Osteoprogenitor cells
68
In alveolar bone, Osteoprogenitor cells are found in__________
Periosteum & Endosteum
69
Osteoprogenitor cells differentiated from_________
Mesenchymal stem cells
69
Osteocyte is found in________
Lacunae
69
The main fxn of Osteocyte (mature bone cell) is to_________
Maintain matrix
69
Osteoclast originate from_____________
Haematopoietic cell
69
- Osteocyte has an average half life of_______years
- Death of osteocyte triggers__________
- 25
- Resorption
69
Osteoclast form channels called_________
Howship's lacunae
70
Osteoclast secretes________________to degrade bone matrix. Then __________the remnants
acid & enzymes. phagocytose
71
__________of PDL ligaments are called sharpey's fibers ?
Inserted ends
72
Blood vessels of PDL ligament provide nutrients to_____________
PDL itself, cementum & alveolar bone
73
Which 5 cell types are found in PDL ligament ?
1. Fibroblast (main)
2. Epithelial cells
3. Mesenchymal cells
4. Immune cells
5. Bone & cementum cells
74
What are the 5 fiber groups of PDL ?
Alveolar crest, horizontal, oblique, apical, interradicular
75
What are the 5 fiber groups of gingival ligaments ?
Dentogingival, Dentoperiosteal, Alveologingival, Circular, Transseptal
76
What cells are involved in the basic multicellular unit BMU?
Smooth and skeletal muscle cells
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Red and white blood cells
Neurons and glial cells
Fibroblasts and chondrocytes
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
77
What is bone modelling?
The process by which bone is healed after a fracture
The process by which bone is resorbed during aging
The process by which old bone is replaced by new bone
The process by which bone is shaped mainly during development and growth
The process by which bone is strengthened through exercise
The process by which bone is shaped mainly during development and growth
78
Which of the following contain canaliculi ?
- Dentine
- Cementum
- PDL ligament
- Cementum & Alveolar bone
- Alveolar bone
Cementum & Alveolar bone
79
(M1/M2) macrophage promote inflammation ?
M1
80
What make up perioDONTIUM?
Cementum, Alveolar bone, PDL ligament, Gingiva
81
Periosteum is sprting tissue that___________________
Surrounds and attach to teeth
82
Trabeculae of spongy bone also contains lamellae, it is organised__________________
Parallel to the surface
83
Haversian sys. are found in (compact/spongy) bone ?
Compact only
84
Alveolar bone is connected to__________of mandible & maxilla ?
Basal bone
85
Spongy bone is made up of network of_________
Trabeculae w/ bone marrow space
86
______________is the structural unit of compact bone ?
Haversian sys.
87
Central canal contains______________, it is found__________________
blood vessel & nerve, in the center of haversian system (osteons) of compact bone
88
Remnants of old osteon is called
Interstital lamellae
89
Each haversian sys. (osteon) is surrounded by a layer called___________
Cement line (highly mineralized but lack collagen)
90
Osteocyte lacunae connects to each other and central via______________, it______________
Canaliculi, faciliates passage of substance to/from central canal
90
Osteoblast is found in bone_________
surface
91
Which bone cell is multinucleated ?
Osteoclast
