Module 7 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Rhinovirus lead to (localised/disseminated/systemic) infection ?
A
localised
2
Q
HPV lead to (localised/disseminated/systemic) infection ?
A
localised
3
Q
Rotavirus lead to (localised/disseminated/systemic) infection ?
A
localised
4
Q
HIV lead to (localised/disseminated/systemic) infection ?
A
disseminated
5
Q
Measles lead to (localised/disseminated/systemic) infection ?
A
disseminated
6
Q
HSV lead to (localised/disseminated/systemic) infection ?
A
disseminated
7
Q
Nipah virus lead to (localised/disseminated/systemic) infection ?
A
systemic
8
Q
Can skin lesions transmit virus ?
A
Yes
9
Q
Prion is an infectious agent that can cause____________disease
A
fatal neurodegenerative
10
Q
- Does prion has nucleic acids ?
- How does it replicate ?
A
- No
- Self replicate
11
Q
How does prions reproduce ?
A
By stimulating conversion of normal cellular protein (PRPc) into misfolded dz causing proteins (PRPsc)
12
Q
Human Spongiform Encephalopathies is due to___________
A
PRPc becoming PRPsc
13
Q
What are the 5 histopath features of Human Spongiform Encephalopathies ?
A
- Spongiform Vacuolation
- Astrocyte proliferation
- Neuronal loss
- Deposition of abnormal PrP
- Lack of inflammatory response
14
Q
Build up of PrPsc in neurons can lead to___________
A
brain damage
15
Q
HSV___is more associated w/ genital infections ?
A
2
16
Q
VZV causes____________
A
chicken pox
17
Q
The alphaherpesivirus family include which 3 ?
A
HSV1, HSV2, VZV
18
Q
What kind of virus are HSV1 &2 ?
A
double stranded LINEAR DNA virus
19
Q
HSV1 & 2 can be dinstinguished___________
A
serologically
20
Q
Which HSV can cause oral infections ?
A
Both 1 & 2
21
Q
HSV Latent infection is established when viral particles reach________________?
A
sensory of neutrons of dorsal root ganglia or trigeminal ganglia in the CNS
22
Q
T/F, Latent HSV virus can reactivate in a different location ?
A
F. HSV virus only reactivate in the primary site of infection. Same ganglia is reactivated
23
Q
- Gingivostomatitis is caused by______
- It occurs in______% of the cases
- It is more common in________________
A
- HSV 1
- 15-30 %
- Children under 5
24
Q
HSV is spread by_______________
A
direction contact or contact w/ secretions
25
HPV is (enveloped/unenveloped) virus ?
unenveloped
26
HPV is spread by_____________
direct contact or mucosal contact
27
Upon infection w/ HPV, symptoms can take_______to dvlp
3-4 months
28
Which 2 HPVs are most commonly asso w/ cervical cancer ?
16 & 18
29
HPV infection requires exposure of__________of skin ?
Basal membrane
30
Oropharyngeal HPV is frequently (symptomatic/asymptomatic) ?
asymptomatic
31
Does epithelial tissue itself have blood vessel ?
No
31
Epithelial tissues are tightly bound to each other by_________
desmosome
31
Epithelial tissue rest on___________
Basement Membrane
32
In ora mucosa, what is the underlying connective tissue underneath the epithelium ?
Lamina Propria
32
Epithelial tissue is classified by which 2 things ?
cell shape, cell arrangement
33
What is the main type of epithelial tissue in oral mucosa ?
Stratified Squamous epithelium
34
What are the 3 main types of oral mucosa ?
Lining, Masticatory, Specialized
34
All lining mucosa are thin except ?
Labial & buccal
35
________replication in mucosa/skin lead to Herpes lesions ?
HSV
36
Studies show there is expansion of resident memory_______cells in human periodontitis ?
Th17
37
(oral/intestinal) epithelia is multi-layered ?
Oral
38
In oral cavity: patients w/ genetic defect in Th17 cells show diminished______________ & inc._____________
Diminished periodontal INFLAMMATION & bone loss
Inc. prevalence of RECURRENT oral fungal INFECTIONS
38
What is the difference between oral mucosa and gut ?
Absence of MALT or GALT in the oral mucosa
38
Antigen Presenting Cells are required to activate____________
Adaptive Immunity
39
What is the importance of J chain ?
It is an important bind site for poly-ig receptor which allows intact translocation of antibody into the lumen
39
_______is a key helper T cell activated at mucosal sites ?
Th17
40
(M1/M2) macrophages promote inflammatory response ?
M1
41
T/F, innate immune cells express Pattern Recognition Receptors while oral epithelial cells do not ?
F, they both express Pattern Recognition Receptors
42
Which site of antibody is involved in binding to antigen ?
Variable region
43
What are the 4 main sequences of viral replication and infection ?
1.Attachment & entry
> 2. Production of new viral PROTEINS
> 3.Replication of viral GENOME
> 4.Assembly & exit of new virus to infect more cells
44
What kind of virus is HPV ?
double stranded CIRCULAR DNA virus
44
Can HSV Herpes be cured ?
No
44
HSV-2 is commonly associated w/_____________
genital infection
45
(M1/M2) macrophage may prevent tumor dvlpment ?
M1
46
(M1/M2) macrophage may contribute to cancer progression
M2
47
Ig____is important for oral mucosal immunity ?
A
48
What are the 2 common things oral & gut mucosal immunology share ?
Both are in constant contact w/ external enviornment
Both have to tolerate commensals
49
What does MALT stand for ?
Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue
50
Which oral bacteria infection has 3 different stages ?
Oral syphillis
51
The first stage of syphillis happen______days after initial exposure
3-90
51
The second stage of syphillis happen______weeks after initial exposure
4-10
51
What is the 1st stage of oral syphillis called and it is commonly dvlped in which area of oral cavity ?
Chancre, lips
52
systemic symptoms can start to dvlp w/_____stage of oral syphillis ?
2nd
53
What is the 2nd stage of oral syphillis called ?
Mucous patches
54
_______% of affected individuals dvlp into the 3rd stage of syphillis ?
30
55
Squamous papilloma is caused by which viruses ?
HPV type 6 & 11
56
What does Squamous papilloma look like in oral cavity ?
Pedunculated finger-like projections that are soft & painless
57
- Condyloma Acuminatum (warts) is caused by which viruses ?
- What does it look like clinically
- HPV type 6,11,16,18
- Sessile mass w/ blunted surface projection, painless
58
- Oral hairy leukoplakia is caused by___________
- What does oral hairy leukoplakia looks like ?
- Epstein-Barr virus
- White mucosal plaque on lateral border of tongue
59
The (inner/outer) part of yeast cell membrane is hard for human immunity to detect ?
inner
59
Yeast plasma membrane is made up of______________
ester-linked phospholipids & sterols w/ mannose attached to cell surface proteins
59
What does pseudomembranous candidiasis look like in oral cavity
White patches (aka thrush)
59
Inner cell membrane of yeast is made up of__________
Beta-1,6, Beta-1,3 glucans & Chitin
59
C. albican can cause which 3 types of candidiasis in oral cavity ?
Pseudomembranous, Erythematous, Hyperplastic
59
What does Hyperplastic candidiasis look like in oral cavity ?
Thickened white patches
59
In denture stomatitis, newton's types classify the_________
severity of stomatitis
60
Which organism undergoes white-to-opaque switch when reproducing ?
C. albicans
60
Langerhan cells can act as____________
Antigen Presenting Cells
61
What does oral tuberculosis look like clinically ?
Chronic ulcer and swelling, type IV sensitivity
62
Which one of the following statements is true with regard to oral mucosal lesions?
The oral mucosa may appear more red when the overlying epithelium is thinned
Release of keratin into extracellular spaces accounts for the white appearance of necrotic epithelium.
Oral mucosal ulceration does not require exposure of the underlying connective tissues to the oral cavity
Thickening of the keratinizing layer of stratified squamous epithelium does not affect the appearance of the oral mucosa.
Restoration of the epithelial barrier in a healing ulcer is independent of the underlying vascularised connective tissues.
The oral mucosa may appear more red when the overlying epithelium is thinned
63
Condyloma acuminatum (warts) often occur in what sites ?
Labiel mucosa & lingual frenum
64
Treatment of invasive fungal infection should be a______dose
loading
64
CYP3A4 enzyme is commonly found in____________
Liver & intestines
65
The prolonged use of broad spectrum antibiotics can inc. the risk of acquiring____________
oral candidiasis
66
T/F, the use of corticosteroids can inc. the risk of acquiring oral candidiasis ?
T
67
What are the three clinical presentations of Gingivostomatitis ?
- Painful, enlarged & red gingiva
- Ulcer
- Cold sore (Herpes Labialis)
68
Halitosis is a medical term for__________
Bad breath
69
Which layer of the oral epithelium is the deepest and is responsible for cell division and regeneration?
Basal layer
Keratinized layer
Basal Lamina
Granular layer
Spinous layer
Basal layer
70
Many of the meds that treat invasive fungal infections commonly inhibit the________enzymes, which is important when considering about drug interactions
CYP450 family
71
Five main descriptive features of soft tissue pathology includes:
Site, Temperature, Colour, Size, Consistency
Site, Odor, Colour, Size, Consistency
Site, Pain, Colour, Size, Consistency
Site, Morphology, Colour, Size, Consistency
Site, Mobility, Colour, Size, Consistency
Site, Morphology, Colour, Size, Consistency
72
Where does the Epstein Barr virus hide in the body during its dormancy?
B cells
Macrophage
Platelets
Neurons
Endothelial cells
B cells
73
What are the 3 types of soft tissue lesions that are elevated and contain bodily fluid ?
Vesicle, Bulla, Pustule
74
An ulcer is (elevated/depresssed) lesion
Depressed
75
What are the 2 types of soft tissue lesions that are flat
Macule, patch
76
What would a lesion be called if it is elevated, contain bodily fluids and diameter is > 5mm ?
Bulla
77
What would a lesion be called if it is elevated, contain bodily fluids and diameter is < 5mm ?
Vesicle
78
What are the 4 types of elevated lesion that does NOT contain bodily fluids
Papule, Nodule, Tumor, Plaque
79
What are the resident lymphocytes in gingiva ?
Predominantly T cells, some B cells & Innate Lymphoid Cells
