Module 8

Question 1

HIV can be transmitted via____________

Answer 1

Blood & body fluid (semen,vaginal fluid)

Question 2

Hep B can be transmitted via______________

Answer 2

Blood & body fluid (semen, vaginal fluid, wound exudates)

Question 2

CMV can be transmitted via______________

Answer 2

Semen & breast milk

Question 2

Hep C can be transmitted via____________

Answer 2

Blood (incl. blood contaminated body fluid)

Question 3

HIV is a member of which family ?

Answer 3

retrovirus

Question 3

HIV____is responsible for most of global AIDs infection

Answer 3

HIV-1

Question 4

• HIV primarily infect_______cells ?
• It can also infect what other cells ?

Answer 4

• CD4 + T cells
• macrophages & DCs

Question 5

HIV virus replication is detectable in_________, this replication leads to___________

Answer 5

lymph node, viremia

Question 6

In HIV,_______is key in virus dissemination to other sites ?

Answer 6

Viremia

Question 7

In HIV infection, what leads to slow & progressive loss of T cells ?

Answer 7

Low-lv replication in lymphoid tissue

Question 8

How many yrs it takes for HIV to progress to AIDS w/out tx ?

Answer 8

8-10 yrs

Question 8

What are the 3 phases of HIV infection ?

Answer 8

1. Acute
2. Chronic
3. Final (AIDS)

Question 9

What is the tx for HIV ?

Answer 9

ARV drugs

Question 10

• Which Hepatitis viruses are spread by fecal-oral route ?
• They cause (Acute/Chronic) hepatitis ?

Answer 10

• A & E
• Acute

Question 11

Hep B causes (Acute/Chronic) hepatitis ?

Answer 11

Chronic

Question 12

What kind of virus is Hep B ?

Answer 12

enveloped dsDNA virus

Question 12

Hep B virus has how many known genotypes ?

Answer 12

8

Question 13

_________% Hep B carrier die from liver disease ?

Answer 13

25-40%

Question 14

Which 2 antivirals can treat Hep B ?

Answer 14

Tenofovir & Entecavir

Question 15

What kind of virus is Hep C ?

Answer 15

enveloped (+) ssRNA virus

Question 16

Hep C has how many known genotypes ?

Answer 16

7

Question 17

Is sexual transmission common w/ Hep B

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Is sexual transmission common w/ Hep C

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Acute Hep C infection is usually (symptomatic/asymptomatic) ?

Answer 19

Asymptomatic

Question 20

______% of Hep C infected individuals spontaneously clear the virus ?

Answer 20

~30

Question 21

What is the tx option for Hep C

Answer 21

DAAs

Question 22

(Th1/Th2) cells activate macrophages ?

Answer 22

Th1

Question 23

Pathology/Lesion is believed to be happening when (Th1/Th2) is predominant

Answer 23

Th2

Question 24

T/F, Lesion only happens when Th2 is predominant ?

Answer 24

F, Th1 predominant could also lead to lesions

Question 25

Hyper-polarisation of (Th1/Th2) means that you have severe disease ?

Answer 25

Either one

Question 26

What are the 2 mechanisms antibodies use to protect the body from disease ?

Answer 26

Neutralising and binding

Question 26

______is estimated to cause 70% of oropharyngeal cancers ?

Answer 26

HPV

Question 26

Adjuvants can be classified into what types ?

Answer 26

Carrier adjuvants & immunostimulatory aduvants

Question 27

Which type of vaccine has the worst durability of immunity ?

Answer 27

mRNA/DNA vax

Question 27

Th1 cells stimulate (Cellular/Humoral) immune response ?

Answer 27

Cellular

Question 27

Th2 cells stimulate (Cellular/Humoral) immune response ?

Answer 27

Humoral

Question 28

Which type of vaccine can be dangerous to immunosuppressed individuals ?

Answer 28

Live/attenuated or inactive virus vax

Question 29

Which type of vaccine elicit strong CELLULAR response ?

Answer 29

Recombinant virus vax

Question 30

__________is the site where immunity is generated after vax injection ?

Answer 30

Lymph node

Question 31

Humoral immunity invovles (Abs/T cells)

Answer 31

Abs

Question 32

________take up the antigens/adjuvants of Vaccines after injection

Answer 32

Dendritic cells ?

Question 33

What happens next after antigens/adjuvants are taken up after injection ?

Answer 33

They are presented to naive B & T cells by DCs

Question 34

(Halogens/Iodine Compounds) are more irritating

Answer 34

Halogens

Question 35

What chemicals can be used as root canal irrigation agents in dentistry ?

Answer 35

Bisguanides & Halogens (i.e. Sodium Hypochlorite)

Question 36

What drugs should be avoided when taking (Val)ganciclovir ?

Answer 36

Nephrotoxic drugs

Question 37

_______% of chronic hep B lead to liver cirrhosis ?

Answer 37

~30

Question 38

A combination therapy of multiple drugs are used for the tx of Hep____

Answer 38

C

Question 39

__________can indicate a late phase of Chronic Hep B infection ?

Answer 39

HBeAg -ve

Question 40

Can subsequent Hep C infections be determined by antibody test ?

Answer 40

No, Antibody test only shows if an individual has ever been exposed to Hep C

Question 41

Which Hep infection would NOT lead to HCC (Hepatocellular carcinoma)

Answer 41

A,E

Question 42

Vaccine prevention is not available to which Hep infections ?

Answer 42

C, D (Hep B prevention would prevent it), E

Question 43

Which of the following virus does not belong in the herpes family? Epstein-Barr virus Kaposi's sarcoma virus Roseolovirus Mumps virus Varicella zoster virus

Answer 43

Mumps virus

Question 44

Which of the following serological markers is indicative of active infection with hepatitis B virus? Hepatitis B e Antigen Hepatitis B core Antigen Hepatitis B surface Antigen Hepatitis B surface Antibody Hepatitis B core Antibody

Answer 44

Hepatitis B surface Antigen ?

Question 45

Which of the following infectious agents can induce raised purple lesions at extraoral and intraroral sites in AIDS patients? Human papilloma virus Epstein-Barr virus Kaposi's sarcoma virus Coxsackie viruses Varicella zoster virus)

Answer 45

Kaposi's sarcoma virus

Question 46

The hepatitis B viral capsid rapidly dissociates within the cytoplasm to release the viral DNA and DNA polymerase. This process is called __ of the viral replication cycle. assembly uncoating attachment penetration release

Answer 46

uncoating

Question 47

Which of the following statements about vaccine formulations is true? Any virus that people commonly have immunity to can be used as a vector for a recombinant virus vaccine. Live/attenuated virus vaccines elicit the longest immunity so will be best for everyone. mRNA vaccines might integrate into the host’s DNA and change their genetic code Protein sub-unit vaccines will not be very immunogenic without an adjuvant. Protein sub-unit vaccines sometimes give people a mild dose of the disease.

Answer 47

Protein sub-unit vaccines will not be very immunogenic without an adjuvant.

Question 48

Regarding the clinical expression of leishmaniasis, these statements are correct, except: The parasite can elicit ulcerated lesions in the face, marginal gingiva, palate, and labial mucosa IFN-gamma and TNF producing Th1 cells, as well as cytotoxic CD8+ cells lead to tissue destruction An anergic status of T cells never causes lesions Numerous Th17 and PMN can lead to exacerbated inflammation Orofacial lesions contain numerous macrophages

Answer 48

An anergic status of T cells never causes lesions

Question 49

(Val)aciclovir treat what conditions

Answer 49

HSV, VZV

Question 49

In Hep____, symptoms often start late when liver damage has already occured

Answer 49

C

Question 49

(Val)ganciclovir treats what conditions

Answer 49

CMV, HSV, EBV, VZV, Hep B

Question 50

________is an AIDS-defining illness caused by HHV-8 (Human Herpes Virus 8)

Answer 50

Kaposi Sarcoma