Module 5 pt. 2

Question 1

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 1

6CO₂ + 6H₂0 -> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Question 2

What 4 things does photosynthesis require?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll.

Question 3

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Glucose and oxygen.

Question 4

What are 2 ways to speed up a reaction?

Answer 4

1. The reaction could be performed at a higher temperature, or 2. Use a catalyst.

Question 5

What is a catalyst?

Answer 5

A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction, but is not used up in the process.

Question 6

What is an organic molecule?

Answer 6

A molecule that contains only carbon and one of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorus.

Question 7

What is biosynthesis, and an example of it?

Answer 7

When a living organism takes small molecules and makes larger molecules. Example: Photosynthesis.

Question 8

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Organic molecules that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 9

What do carbohydrates and water have in common?

Answer 9

They both have the same ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms: 2:1.

Question 10

What is an example of carbohydrates and its chemical formula?

Answer 10

Glucose: C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 11

What does the structural formula do?

Answer 11

It gives the type and number of atoms and which are linked to which.

Question 12

What do chemical bonds do?

Answer 12

They link atoms together in a molecule.

Question 13

What are a couple variations from the typical chemical bond?

Answer 13

Double bonds and triple bonds.

Question 14

What are isomers?

Answer 14

2 different molecules that have the same chemical formula.

Question 15

How are glucose and fructose different?

Answer 15

Glucose and fructose both have similar chemical formulas, but they have different structural formulas.

Question 16

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 16

Simple carbohydrates that contain 3-10 carbon atoms.

Question 17

What are disaccharides?

Answer 17

Carbohydrates that are made up of 2 monosaccharides.

Question 18

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 18

Carbohydrates that are made up of 2+ monosaccharides.

Question 19

What is a dehydration reaction?

Answer 19

A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water.

Question 20

How are disaccharides and polysaccharides formed?

Answer 20

Monosaccharides combine to make disaccharides and polysaccharides through a dehydration reaction.

Question 21

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 21

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water. The reverse of dehydration.

Question 22

How do polysaccharides and disaccharides become monosaccharides?

Answer 22

Through hydrolysis.

Question 23

What are two major groups in organic acids and bases?

Answer 23

The acid group and amine group.

Question 24

What does an acid group look like?

Answer 24

O
||
C – OH

Question 25

What are the 3 areas on the pH scale and their locations?

Answer 25

Neutral (7), acidic (0 - just below 7), alkaline (14 - just above 7).

Question 26

What is another name for lipids?

Answer 26

Fats, which are all hydrophobic..

Question 27

What does the term hydrophobic mean?

Answer 27

Lacking any affinity to water.

Question 28

What is a saturated fat?

Answer 28

A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 29

What is an unsaturated fat?

Answer 29

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

Question 30

What is the equation for making a lipid molecule + 3 water molecules (no chemical formulas or structures needed)?

Answer 30

Glycerol + 3 fatty acid molecules -\> A lipid (fat) molecule + 3 water molecules.

Question 31

What are proteins made from?

Answer 31

Mostly made from carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus and sulfur.

Question 32

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 32

A bond that links amino acids together in a protein.

Question 33

What determines the type of protein?

Answer 33

The type of atoms, the number of atoms, and the order determines the type of protein.

Question 34

What are enzymes?

Answer 34

A special class of proteins that act as catalysts through the use of lock and key action.

Question 35

What is DNA's full name?

Answer 35

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 36

What is DNA's shape?

Answer 36

A double helix.

Question 37

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 37

Chemical units known as nucleotides.

Question 38

What are the 3 basic components of nucleotides?

Answer 38

Deoxyribose, phosphate group (phosporus, hydrogen, and oxygen), and nucleotide base.

Question 39

What are nucleotide bases main components?

Answer 39

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

Question 40

What do nucleotide bases do?

Answer 40

They are responsible for the way DNA stores information.

Question 41

Which of nucleotide bases chemical pair up with which?

Answer 41

Cytosine to guanine. Adenine to thymine.

Question 42

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 42

A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms- keeps DNA in double helix.