Module 6

Question 0

What are the three methods a cell can use to eliminate a substance?

Answer 0

Excretion, egestion, secretion.

Question 1

What are the 3 functions cells must perform?

Answer 1

Absorption, Digestion, Excretion.

Question 2

What are 2 main funtions cells need to exist?

Answer 2

Homeostasis, and reproduction?

Question 4

What are the 2 lesser functions cells need to exist?

Answer 4

Movement and irratability.

Question 5

What is cytology?

Answer 5

The study of cells.

Question 6

What organelles are in an animal cell?

Answer 6

Secretion vesicle, centrioles, Golgi Body, Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, nucleus (chromatin, nucleolus), vacuole, mitochondrian, lysosome.

Question 7

What organelles are in a plant cell?

Answer 7

Plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondrian, chloroplast, central vacuole, leucoplast, Golgi Body, vacuole, rough ER, nucleus (chromatin, nucleolus), smooth ER, ribosomes, cytoplasm.

Question 8

What organelles do plant cells and animal cells have in common?

Answer 8

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, nucleus (chromatin, nucleolus), vacuole, Golgi body.

Question 9

What organelles are specific to animal cells?

Answer 9

Lysosomes, and centrioles.

Question 9

What kingdom’s cells have cell walls?

Answer 9

Plant and bacteria cells.

Question 10

What organelles are specific to plant cells?

Answer 10

Cell wall, chloroplasts, leucoplasts, and the central vacuole.

Question 11

What are cell walls made of?

Answer 11

Cellulose and pectin.

Question 12

What are pores in cell walls used for?

Answer 12

Nutrition and waste product secretion.

Question 13

Name two special characteristics relating to cell walls found in some cells.

Answer 13

Secondary cell walls, and middle lamella.

Question 14

What is the middle lamella?

Answer 14

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells.

Question 15

Which kingdom’s cells have plasma membrane?

Answer 15

Animal and plant cells.

Question 16

What is the outermost layer in animal cells?

Answer 16

The plasma membrane.

Question 17

Are cell walls solid or semipermeable?

Answer 17

Semipermeable.

Question 18

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 18

Jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

Question 19

What is cytoplasmic streaming?

Answer 19

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cells’s content.

Question 20

What are mitochondria, and what are they responsible for?

Answer 20

They are the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for reproduction.

Question 21

What are the two main functions of the lysosome?

Answer 21

They are responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids, AND they are the cleaning crew, breaking down old worn out organelles.

Question 22

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 22

They are responsible for protein synthesis (biosynthesis.)

Question 23

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 23

It runs throughout the cytoplasm to maintain the cell’s shape, and it aids in the transport of complex molecules.

Question 24

What does the rough ER specialize in?

Answer 24

Protein synthesis.

Question 25

What does the smooth ER specialize in?

Answer 25

It makes lipids, and inactivates harmful byproducts of digestion and respiration and sends them to the plasmd membrane to be ejected.

Question 26

What are the two main type of plastids, and what do they do?

Answer 26

Leucoplasts, which store starches, and Chromoplasts, which are used in photosynthesis.

Question 27

What are chloroplasts, and what are they filled with?

Answer 27

A catalyst for photosynthesis, which is filled with stroma; a fluid inside chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place.

Question 28

What does the central vacuole do?

Answer 28

It contains a high concentration of solutes, causing water to flow in through osmosis, the turgor pressure keeping the cell rigid.

Question 29

What are the three types of vacuoles, and what do they do?

Answer 29

Central- keeps cell rigid by holding water Waste- waste products of digestion (nontoxic) Phagocytic- food substance too large

Question 30

What are vesicles?

Answer 30

Small vacuoles.

Question 31

What does a pinocytic vesicle do?

Answer 31

It is formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules.

Question 32

What does a secretion vesicle do?

Answer 32

It holds secretion products to be transported to plasma membrane and released.

Question 33

Golgi Bodies- what do they look like, what do they do, and what are they called?

Answer 33

They look like flattened interconnected pancakes, they store and change proteins and lipids into whatever the cell needs, they're a sort of "mailing service."

Question 34

What do centrioles do?

Answer 34

They form flagella or cilia in cells with microtubules, and help with asexual reproduction.

Question 35

What is the nuclear membrane?

Answer 35

A highly porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 36

What are chromatin?

Answer 36

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins.

Question 37

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 37

It makes RNA.

Question 38

Is there another place where DNA is stored? What type of proteins does it make?

Answer 38

DNA is also stored in the mitochondrian. It's mainly for producing proteins for respiration.