MOISTURE + THERMAL

Question 1

What is the difference between dampproofing and waterproofing?

Answer 1

Dampproofing is protection from water that is not under hydrostatic pressure and waterproofing is protection from moisture and water that is subject to hydrostatic pressure

Question 2

Name five types of dampproofing

Answer 2

Admixtures, bitumous coatings, cementitious coatings, membranes, and plastics

Question 3

What do admixtures do?

Answer 3

Fatty acid, mineral oil, and powdered iron… They may reduce the strength of concrete but they make it much less permeable to water

Question 4

How does powdered ironwork?

Answer 4

Used in admixtures and cemented just coatings, it expands when it oxidizes, making a tighter seal

Question 5

How do you protect waterproofing?

Answer 5

A leak in waterproofing from backfilling is not good… you lay a protective board before backfilling

Question 6

What do you use to seal construction joints?

Answer 6

Waterstops

Question 7

The perfect insulation would be a

Answer 7

Vacuum

Question 8

Most insulation is designed to…

Answer 8

Create air pockets that are small enough to prevent convection but large enough to prevent the direct transfer of heat by conduction between the materials

Question 9

Definition of a BTU

Answer 9

Hey British thermal unit, the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1°F

Question 10

What does the K value or basic unit of conductance represent?

Answer 10

The number of BTUs per hour that pass through one square foot of a material 1 inch thick when a temper differential is 1°F

Question 11

The long term thermal resistance value (LTTR) is specifically for

Answer 11

Foam insulation

Question 12

What is thermal drift?

Answer 12

The long-term changes in the thermal resistance of foam insulation over time… Measured by LTTR

Question 13

Lues – fill insulation is used for places where…

Answer 13

It is difficult to install other types of insulation, like cells of concrete blocks, plumbing chases, and attic… Also in retrofit applications

Question 14

One of the downsides of loose fill insulation is that it always…

Answer 14

Settles

Question 15

What is rock wool?

Answer 15

A fibrous material formed by blowing molten basalts rock under pressure… Slag wool being the most common, from blast furnace flag

Question 16

Vermiculite may contain…

Answer 16

Asbestos

Question 17

In addition to holding the insulation and place the craft paper on batt insulation does what?

Answer 17

Acts as a vapor retarder

Question 18

Because if it’s superior water resistant qualities, extruded expanded polystyrene is the only insulation recommended for what two kinds of spaces?

Answer 18

Protected membrane roof systems and below grade insulation

Question 19

What are insulated concrete forms?

Answer 19

Interlocking foam insulation blocks that serve as formwork for pouring concrete walls and remain in place to insulate the wall and serve as a backing for the chipboard

Question 20

What is a SIP?

Answer 20

Structural insulated panel, to outer skin is bonded to an inner core of residents living material usually expanded polystyrene

Question 21

What is the dewpoint?

Answer 21

The temperature at which water condenses from vapor

Question 22

3 kinds of roofing tile

Answer 22

Slate: expensive, durable, fire resistant

Clay: lots of shapes, durable, fire resistant, also expensive

Concrete: less expensive than clay but also durable and fire resistant

Question 23

5 kinds of metal roof

Answer 23

Copper, galvanized iron, aluminum, terneplate, Monel metal

Question 24

What do you need between the metal roof and the asphalt roofing felt on terneplate roofs and why?

Answer 24

A rosin paper to keep the asphalt from oxidizing the tin

Question 25

Describe ponding

Answer 25

When some build up of water creates deflection, in turn allowing more water to pond

Question 26

What is a built-up roof?

Answer 26

A layer cake of overlapping layers of felt and asphalt or coal tar with a final layer of gravel on top

Question 27

What is a cricket?

Answer 27

A saddle shaped projection around an obstacle to divert drainage

Question 28

What is a pitch pan?

Answer 28

Small metal enclosure around a roof mounted projection filled with bitumous material

Question 29

What are modified bitumens?

Answer 29

A type of single-ply roof made of chemically enhanced bitumen with a reinforcing fabric

Question 30

What are thermoset plastics?

Answer 30

A type of single-ply roof material that softens when hot and regards a when cold

Question 31

What is EPDM?

Answer 31

A manufactured thermoset plastic membrane that can be mechanically fastened, used in a membrane roof, taped together, etc

Question 32

What is the difference between PVC and TPO roofs?

Answer 32

Both white-colored single-ply roofs, TPO is cheaper Because they are white they reflect back 78% of heat

Question 33

Where do you use elastic liquid roofing?

Answer 33

Over roofs with complex shapes (as well as below-grade waterproofing) Neoprene is one

Question 34

Some materials you can make flashing out of

Answer 34

Galv. Stl, S.S., alum, copper, plastic

Question 35

How often do you need expansion joints in roofs?

Answer 35

Every 100-150 ft in masonry | Every 200 ft in concrete

Question 36

Why are expansion joints critical in roofs?

Answer 36

Extremes in temperature

Question 37

What are smoke vents?

Answer 37

They allow smoke to escape in a fire

Question 38

High-performance feeling allow what percentage of movement? Low performance sealants only allow what percentage of movement?

Answer 38

High: 25% Low: about 5%

Question 39

What is EIFS?

Answer 39

Exterior insulation and finish system, a cladding assembly with a wet cementitious finish over a rigid insulation board attached to building sheathing

Question 40

What are the 3 1/2 types of EIFS?

Answer 40

(PB): polymer-based, where the EIFS is basically glued to the building sheathing (PM): polymer modified, which is mechanically adhered to the sheathing (MB): mineral-based, where the system uses Portland cement stucco as the topcoat (A high impact PB system includes a heavy duty fiberglass mesh an additional layer of base coat... But in general the PM system is better at taking impact)

Question 41

What is the difference between permeable and pervious?

Answer 41

Permeable is capable of being penetrated by water without causing rupture displacement. Pervious permits leaks or flows of water through cracks or other openings.

Question 42

What is the difference between water-resistant, water-repellent, and waterproof?

Answer 42

Water-resistant has capillary pores that permit leakage of water. Water-repellent cannot transmit water by capillary action, but it still made transit water under pressure. Waterproof means it is completely impervious to water, under pressure or not.

Question 43

Three damp proofing materials

Answer 43

Asphalt base coatings (in two coats), cement plaster (troweled or pneumatically applied), and liquid silicones or plastics

Question 44

What is the most common form of waterproofing? What form does it usually take?

Answer 44

Membrane waterproofing, usually several layers of asphalt saturated felt, hot mopped together with tar or asphalt pitch

Question 45

Where do you install water stops?

Answer 45

In construction joints below grade

Question 46

A range for tile and slate roof pitch

Answer 46

5:12 - 8:12

Question 47

A range for shingles and metal roofs pitch

Answer 47

4:12 - 8:12

Question 48

Hey range for a bitumous roof | Pitches

Answer 48

0:12 - 3:12

Question 49

What is a square in regards to a roof unit of measure

Answer 49

It equals 100 ft.²

Question 50

What is under the gravel coat in a built-up composition roof?

Answer 50

The flood coat

Question 51

What does shake mean in regards to wood shingles?

Answer 51

Hand split

Question 52

What does 16 – inch 5/2 random shingles mean?

Answer 52

The shingles are 16" long, of random width, and 5 of the butt ends stacked on top of each other are 2" tall

Question 53

Metal roofing materials include what 4 metals? And to a lesser extent what additional three?

Answer 53

Galvanized iron, copper, aluminum and terneplate… Also lead, zinc, and stainless steel

Question 54

Three kinds of roofing tiles

Answer 54

Clay tiles, cement tiles (less expensive), slate tiles (quarried from natural rock)

Question 55

Relative humidity

Answer 55

Expressed as a percentage, this is the ratio of humidity to maximum humidity

Question 56

If air at 50% relative humidity is cool…

Answer 56

It's relative humidity increases

Question 57

What can you do to air to give it excellent insulation properties?

Answer 57

Enclose it

Question 58

Define an insulator in terms of thermal conductivity

Answer 58

A material with a K value of 0.5 BTU per hr per ft.² per °F or less...

Question 59

What are two advantages of placing them insulation above the membrane?

Answer 59

You protect the membrane from temperature extremes and the membrane, being on the warm side of the inflation, acts as a vapor barrier

Question 60

Where to put flashing

Answer 60

Joints exposed to the weather, intersections of different materials, expansion or contraction joints

Question 61

If it's not exposed, you can make flashing from the following:

Answer 61

1. Sheet metals 2. Bitumous-coated fabrics 3. Plastic 4. Other waterproof membranes

Question 62

Provide expansion joints and Masonry walls every ___ feet

Answer 62

125

Question 63

In roofs, concrete structures, and steel structures, expansion joints should occur at ___-foot intervals

Answer 63

200

Question 64

A gravel stop has a higher portion at the perimeter with a minimum of how many inches?

Answer 64

Gravel stop have to be at least 4 inches wide

Question 65

How big are expansion joints?

Answer 65

1/2 to 1 inch in width

Question 66

Four ways to waterproof expansion joints

Answer 66

What are stops, elastic joint sealants, metal flashing, or caulking