Molecular Basis of Type 2 Diabetes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Molecular Basis of Type 2 Diabetes Deck (15)
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1
Q

T/F insulin increases the volume of distribution of galactose

A

T –> increasing Vd by distributing glucose to muscle reduces plasma steady state glucose concentration

2
Q

_____ is the insulin regulated rate limiting step to glucose metabolism

A

transport across plasma membrane

3
Q

Translocation hypothesis

A

insulin upregulates # of glucose (glut4 - muscle/fat) transporters on cell membrane

4
Q

What signals insertion of glut4 receptors into cell membrane?

A

insulin or muscle contraction

5
Q

Implications of translocation hypothesis in T2D

A

glucose transport is insensitive to insulin but sensitive to contraction in T2D –> exercise can be effective in inducing glucose uptake

6
Q

the inability of insulin to reduce hepatic output and stimulate glucose uptake in cells.

A

insulin resistance

7
Q

If you have a high blood sugar during fasting where is the defect?

A

in hepatic glucose output (because muscle uptake at fasting/in absence of insulin is close to 0)

8
Q

If you have high blood sugar after eating, where is the defect?

A

Either resistance at the membranes of muscle cells preventing glucose uptake OR resistance at the liver preventing shutdown of glucose output

9
Q

Insulin resistance on fat

A

rate of FA release into bloodstream increases

10
Q

Impact of increased FA

A

liver produces more triglycerides

11
Q

Why are fatty acids transported as VLDL and then broken down at the target site instead of just being transported as is?

A

In times of starvation, the volume of fatty acids being transported would lower the blood pH –> conversion increases carrying capacity of blood

12
Q

Insulin resistance syndromes involve a ____ impairment in insulin action

A

selective –> e.g. liver should not produce triglycerides if insulin resistant –> possible that liver is insulin resistant in context of glucose but not in context of lipids

13
Q

T/F Central obesity is a risk factor for T2D

A

T –> more of a factor than gynoid obesity

14
Q

T/F BMI is a good indicator of adiposity

A

F –> people have different lean/fat ratios

15
Q

How might lipids relate to insulin resistance

A
  1. if have lots of fat, excess spills into blood as ffa –> goes to muscles and tissues and stimulates insulin resistance
  2. in crease in fat mass –> activation of immune system –> insulin resistance