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Microbio > Motility (#1) > Flashcards

Motility (#1) Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

_____ do not have CILIA, only _______

A

bacteria; eukarya

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2
Q

threadlike appendages extending outward from plasma membrane and cell wall (and envelope); hollow protein

A

flagella

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3
Q

functions of flagella (3):

A
  • motility and swarming behavior
  • attachment to surfaces (helps them burrow into tissues)
  • may be virulence factors
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4
Q

cause immune responses and/or evade immune responses = “deadly”

A

virulence factors

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5
Q

moving in groups behavior

A

swarming

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6
Q

half of ______ have flagella

A

bacilli

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7
Q

rarely do _____ have flagella

A

cocci

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8
Q

LOTS of _____ have flagella

A

spirillum

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9
Q

patterns of flagella distribution (5):

A
  • monotrichous
  • polar flagellum
  • amphitrichous
  • lophotrichous
  • peritrichous
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10
Q

pattern of flagella distribution: one flagellum

A

monotrichous

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11
Q

pattern of flagella distribution: flagellum at end of the cell; very FAST

A

polar flagellum

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12
Q

pattern of flagella distribution: one flagellum at each end of the cell

A

amphitrichous (could be polar here too**)

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13
Q

pattern of flagella distribution: cluster of flagella at one or both ends; a troughtopair

A

lophotrichous

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14
Q

pattern of flagella distribution: flagella spread over entire surface of cell (ex: E. coli)

A

peritrichous

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15
Q

example of bacteria that is peritrichous =

A

E. coli

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16
Q

as long as the flagella/flagellum are at ONE end of the cell, they are termed _____

A

polar (so they can tech. have 2 names)

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17
Q

flagella are so thin you can’t see them without using a ______ to make them thicker

A

mordant

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18
Q

3 parts of a flagella:

A

1) filament
2) hook
3) basal body

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19
Q

part of flagella: all made of flagellum protein; NOT flexible (unlike eukarya flagella); more rigid

A

filament

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20
Q

part of flagella: attaches it to the motor

A

hook

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21
Q

part of flagella: motor

A

basal body

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22
Q

function of flagella (and its parts)

A

energy for rotation

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23
Q

energy for rotation provided by the flagella is termed the ______ _______ ________

A

Proton Motive Force

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24
Q

flagellum is a ___-part motor

A

two

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25
two parts of the flagellum motor:
1) rotor 2) stator
26
part of flagellum motor: composed of C ring and MS ring; turn and interacts with stator; moves
rotor
27
part of flagellum motor: composed of Mot A and Mot B proteins; stays stationary
stator
28
Mot proteins stay stationary but ________ go through it, spinning the MS rings
hydroprotons
29
hydroprotons sends movement through the _____ ----> _______ ------> ________
rod ----> hook ---> filament
30
the basal body of the flagellum is one of the _______ motors (after ATP-ase)
smallest
31
____ and ____ rings are attached to the rod
L and P
32
the ____ ring spins
MS
33
the ____ and ____ rings do NOT spin; stationary; keep the motor stable
L and P rings
34
the L rings is named from what?
LPS area
35
the P ring is named from what?
periplasm or peptidoglycan (since its located within there)
36
the C ring is named from what?
cytoplasm
37
H+ =
hydroproton
38
the MS ring is named for what?
membrane
39
for one 360 degree turn, the motor uses _____ protons
1,000
40
motor switch; turn flagella on/off OR can switch its direction
Fli proteins
41
flagella biosynthesis steps (7):
1) MS/C ring 2) Motor (Mot) proteins 3) P ring 4) L ring 5) early hook 6) late hook (includes CAP) 7) filament (hook-filament junction + filament synthesis)
42
flagella biosynthesis builds from the _____ ____; goes through the hollow tube and then added to the ______
bottom-up; TIP
43
flagellum can break off, but they can _________; flagellum is added from the TIP -- not the base
regenerate
44
special protein added during flagella biosynthesis; organizes flagellum molecules and puts them in the correct orientation to make the filament
cap
45
flagella in _____-_____ have been studied the most
gram-negative
46
flagella in ______-_______ only have TWO rings and a membrane
gram-positive
47
which rings do gram-postive only have in their flagella?
MS and C rings
48
Bacterial Flagella Movement: flagellum rotates like a _______
propeller
49
Bacterial Flagellar Movement: rotates up to _______ rev/sec
1100 rev/sec
50
Bacterial Flagellar Movement: in references, a cheeta moves _____ body lengths per sec; humans moved _____ body lengths per seconds; bacteria move ______ cell lengths per sec
cheeta: 25 body lengths/sec human: 5 body lengths/sec bacteria: 60 cell lenths/sec ***
51
fastest bacteria
briomycococcus
52
Bacterial Flagellar Movement: counterclockwise (CCW) rotation causes a _______ motion/_____
forward motion/run
53
Bacterial Flagellar Movement: in general, clockwise rotation (CW) disupts run causing cell to stop and ______ (oriented in different direction)
tumble
54
CCW movment =
run
55
CW movmenet =
tumble
56
in Peritrichous bacteria, CCW rotation causes the cell to _____ and CW causes the cell to _____
run; reverse
57
in Unidirectional flagella, _____ rotation causes the cell to run (different******) and ______ allows for RANDOM reorientation to occur
CW stopping (completely)
58
Spirochete Motility: multiple flagella form _____ ______ which winds around the cell; bundled around
axial fibril
59
Spirochete Motility: flagella remain in the ______ ______ inside the outer sheath
periplasmic space (meaning theyre GRAM NEG*)
60
Spirochete Motility: since flagella remain in the perisplasmic space, they are termed "______"
"endoflagella"
61
Spirochete Motility: flagella exbitvs _____ and _____ movements
flexing and spinning
62
Spirochete Motility: flagella move like a _____ rather than a smooth motion (looks like twitching)
corkscrew
63
Spirochete Motility: can have _______
inclusions
64
bacteria moving on a SOLID surface
surface motility
65
surface motility may involve ______
slime
66
two types of surface motlity:
1) twitching (social) 2) gliding (adventurous)
67
type of surface motility: short, intermittent, jerky motions; occurs in GROUPS; move together; flash mob!
twitching (social)
68
twitching (social) surface motility has ____ _____ _____ at the ends of the cells; stand the bacteria up and "pull it;" lets slime come out (oozing polysaccharides)
type IV pili
69
type of surface motility: smooth movements; ONE bacteria by itself; helical track, gliding motors, and extracellular adhesion proteins involved
gliding (adventurous)
70
gliding (adventurous) suface motility invovles what 3 structurs?
- helical track - gliding motors - extracellular adhesion
71
gliding (adventurous) surface motility: structure that spins the track and gives it energy
gliding motors
72
gliding (adventurous) surface motility: structures that move it along the tract; "little feet"
extracellular adhesion protiens
73
movement toward a chemical attractant or away from a chemical repellent
chemotaxis
74
chemotaxis: concentrations of chemo-attractants and chemo-repellants detected by ______________ on surfaces of cells
chemo-receptors
75
chemotaxis is complex but _______
rapid
76
chemotaxis responses occur in less than ____ _______
20 milliseconds
77
range in which chemotaxis occurs:
2 to over 60 cell lengths per second
78
types of chemotaxis:
- positive - negative
79
type of chemotaxis: going TOWARD an attractant or a repellant
positive chemotaxis
80
positive chemotaxis toward an attractant: runs are _______ and tumbles are _______ frequent
LONGER; LESS freq.
81
positive chemotaxis toward a repellant: runs are _________ and tumbles are _____ frequent
shorter; more
82
an example of a repellant in chemotaxis =
toxins
83
positive/negative chemotaxis involves a _______, ______ walk
biased, random
84
type of chemotaxis: moving AWAY from a repellant or attractant; involves similar but opposite responses
negative
85
negative chemotaxis involves similar but _______ responses compared to positive
OPPOSITE

Microbio (21 decks)

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