Probiotics, Wine, and Beer (#4) Flashcards
(56 cards)
2 KEY characteristics of fermentation:
1) self-limiting process
2) get a succession of microbes
fermentation is a self-limiting process because the fermentation ______ eventually inhibit the fermentors from continuing on with the process
products
fermented foods (5):
- dairy products
- meat products
- vegetables and vegetable products
- yeast bread
- chocolate
process of fermenting chocolate
1) seeds of cocoa pod are put in a sweat box (wrapped in banana leaves) for 5-7 days
2) produces alcohol + CO2
3) increase in alcohol inhibits yeast
4) lactic acid bacteria come in and DECREASE pH
5) acetic acid bacteria comes in and KILL SPROUT inside the seed (@ the right time = taste)***
if acetic acid did not come in and the sprout inside the cocoa seed continued to ferment, the chocolate would taste _____
bitter
purpose of fermentation =
recycle NADH back to NAD+
what does fermentation use to recycle electron carriers?
pyruvate or a derivative of pyruvate (NOT exogenous e- acceptor like respiration)
fermentation in food is used for ________
preservation
fermentation changes the _____. ______, and _____ of food
flavor, texture, and odor
gram-POS bacteria that tolerate acidic conditions, non-spore forming, aerotolerant with a strictly fermentative metabolism (only use ferm. to make acid)
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)
LAB =
lactic acid bacteria
most fermented DAIRY products are made via _____
LAB (lactic acid bacteria)
type of fermenter: only produce lactic acid as a fermentation product; used in sour cream + yogurt
homolactic acid fermenters
type of fermenter: make lactic acid + other stuff (ethanol, CO2) as a product of fermentation; used for saurkraut, pickles, buttermilk; may be involved in food spoilage
heterolactic acid fermenters
live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefits to the host
probiotics
probiotics include (3):
- fermented food
- dietary supplements
- non-oral supplements (lotion)
substances (such as food) that promote the growth of probiotics; “food for probiotics”
prebiotics
prebiotics include _______ _______
non-digestible fibers
without prebiotics, there would be no ______ _______ effects of probiotics
long term
to get benefits from probiotics, you have to make sure they get to your _____
gut
ways to ensure probiotics get to your gut (2)
- eat yogurt WITH fat (protective of bacteria)
- acid-tolerant capsules
pros of probiotics (5):
- considered safe
- improve intestinal health + balance
- may lower BP + serum cholesterol
- immunomodulation (support immunity)
- improve oral health
ways probiotics improve geneal intestinal health + balance (5):
- improve LACTOSE intolerance
- control diarrhea
- anticancer effects
- treatment of enteric disease (IBS, ulcerative colitis, crohns disease)
- colonization resistance
enteric diseases that probiotics help treat (3):
- IBS
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn’s Disease
