Movement Lecture Flashcards
(29 cards)
Why should we study sensorimotor control?
Motor control lives at the heart of science of mental life and behaviour because it joins the two. Purposeful movement helps initiate or sustain perception action cycles rather than just being a response to input
What are the principles of sensorimotor function?
The sensorimotor system is hierarchical
Motor output is guided by sensory input
Learning changes the nature and locus of sensorimotor control
What is the connection between sensory feedback and sensory input?
Sensory feedback plays an important role in directing the continuation of the responses that produced it
How are adjustments in motor output response to sensory feedback controlled?
Unconsciously without the involvement of higher levels of
Initial stages of learning
Each individual response is performed under conscious control
Sensorimotor control after practice
Turn into continuous integrated sequences of action that flow smoothly and are adjusted by feedback with conscious regulation
Model of sensory system function
Association cortex
Secondary motor cortex
Primary motor cortex
Brain stem motor nuclei
Feedback loops and parallel connections
Spinal motor circuits
What is at the top of the sensorimotor hierarchy?
Posterior parietal association cortex
Dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex
Visuomotor control brain regions - two systems?
Dorsomedial reaching system
Dorsolateral grasping system
What happens at the posterior parietal association cortex?
Integration of spatial information and directing attention
Input - visual auditory and somatosensory
Output - Dorsolateral prefdrontalcotex, frontal eye field, secondary motor context
What is neglect occurring from right posterior parietal lesions?
Neglect is a lack of awareness of the side of space opposite to the side of the brain lesion. Right hemisphere stroke patients behave as if the left side doesn’t exist
What occurs from lesions to the left posterior parietal cortex?
Ideomotor apraxia
What is ideomotor apraxia?
An inability to imitate or produce gesture to verbal command despite normal strength and sensation in the limb
What area of the brain is involved in goal-based action selection?
Dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex
What is included in the secondary motor cortex?
The supplementary motor area and premotor cortex
What are mirror neurons?
A particular class of visuomotor neurons found in area F5 in monkey brains
When do mirror neurons become active?
When grasping, or seeing another individual making a similar action
What are the potential implications from mirror neurons?
Social cognition, empathy, learning
What does the primary motor cortex serve as for sensorimotor signals?
Serves as a major point of departure of sensorimotor signals from the cerebral cortex
What do M1 neurons encode?
The direction of movement, each neuron in arm region has a preferred direction
Examples of tool use studies
Viewing 2D tools
Pantomime
Hearing tools
Viewing 3D tools
Acting with 3D tools
How does the Brian interact with 3D tools?
Grasping typicality
Object category
The cerebellum and basal ganglia for sensorimotor activity
Interact with different levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy
Coordinate and modulate sensorimotor activities
Sensorimotor input in the cerebellum
Primary and secondary motor cortex, descending motor signals from Brian stem motor nuclei and feedback from motor responses via somatosensory and vestibular systems
