Perception And Cognition Lecture Flashcards
(35 cards)
Perceptual experience
Offers one possibility of what the world is
Individual differences
Filter how the work maps onto our mind
Two different approaches to perception
Bottom up
Top down
Bottom up processes are
Driven by sensory information from the external world
Features of gestalt psychology?
Investigates how we know which parts of the visual information belong to the same object
Differentiating figures from its ground or background information
Contour is absent in stimulus but filled in by the visual system
What is the law of pragnanz?
Perceptual organisation - typically perceived as the simplest possible organisation of the visual field
Limitations of the gestalt approach to perception
It provides descriptions but not explanations of perceptual phenomenon
The findings are mostly based on 2D patterns
It does not account for the role of top-down processes
It overlooks the role of motion
Direct perception
The act of picking up information from the environment to guide action
Visual environment provides enough information for perception and research should reflect the real world
What is optic array in direct perception?
Pattern of light reaching the eyes
Features of optic array
Determined by our own movements
The point of travel remains stationary
Other parts moves past us away from the point of travel remains stationary
Closer things move faster
Affordance
Potential use of an object or potential interaction with the environment
Advantages of direct perception theory
Environment information is rich and dynamic
Perception is coupled with action
Disadvantages of direct perception theory
Radical and oversimplified
Rejects the existence of internal representation
Does not explain how action is executed
Two bottom up theories of perception
Gestalt psychology
Direct perception
What are top down processes?
Processes driven by knowledge, expectations and goals
Examples of top down processes
Predictive coding
Information flow is bi-directional
Perception and recognition of ambiguous objects
Visual illusions
Perception as an inference
What is predictive coding?
Something in your mind affects what you see
How do we perceive and recognise ambiguous objects?
Context and prime information affects what we see from the same physical stimuli
How do visual illusions impact perception?
Knowledge about shadows and lights affect what we see
How can perception serve as an inference?
Influences from prior experiences and knowledge
What process is the interactive iterative framework
Top down
Forming hypothesis and directing attention
Theory of Firestone and scholl
Top down processes affect response bias, attention, memory and so on but not perception
No top down effect of cognition on visual perception
Recognition by components theory
Objects are represented as and can be recognised by geons and their spatial relations
Geons to objects are like letters to words
Viewpoint-invariant recognition of familiar objects
The process of decomposing objects into geons is not affected by viewpoints
