Movement Lecture 5

Question 1

Basal Ganglia is composed of?

Answer 1

Subcortical Nuclei

Question 2

Basal Ganglia contribute to a series of parallel circuits from?

Answer 2

Cerebral cortex - Basal Ganglia - Thalamus - Cerebral Cortex

Question 3

The region of the cerebral cortex at the beginning and end of the circuit determines?

Answer 3

The function of the circuit

Question 4

What pathways exist within the basal ganglia?

Answer 4

Direct and Indirect pathways

Question 5

Basal Ganglia has no direct output to?

Answer 5

the lower motor neurons of the brainstem or spinal cord

Question 6

Basal ganglia is involved in?

Answer 6

Modulating motor and non-motor behaviors, such as cognitive and emotional processes

Question 7

Basal Ganglia balance between

Answer 7

inhibition and disinhibition of thalamocortical pathways

Question 8

Based on function, Basal Ganglia includes neuron cell bodies in?

Answer 8

telecephalon, diencephalon, and midbrain

Question 9

Striatum refers to?

Answer 9

Caudate & Putamen

Question 10

Caudate, Putamen, and Globus Pallidus all located in?

Answer 10

Telecephalon

Question 11

Substantia Nigra is located in?

Answer 11

Midbrain

Question 12

What are the input nuclei of the Basal Ganglia? (where information comes into the telecephalon)

Answer 12

Caudate & Putamen

Question 13

What is the neurotransmitter of Medium Spiny Projection neurons?

Answer 13

GABA

Question 14

What do Medium Siny Projection neurons do?

Answer 14

Transiently inhibit targets

Question 15

Location of Caudate & Putamen

Answer 15

Telencephalon between lateral ventricle and the temporal cortex

Question 16

What is Striatum separated by? And what is the orientation of caudate and putamen?

Answer 16

Striatum is separated by internal capusle
Caudate lies medial
Putamen lies lateral

Question 17

What are the inputs of Caudate & Putamen?

Answer 17

• Cerebral Cortex: Excitatory (Glutamate)
• Substantia Nigra: Pars Compacta - Excitatory or Inhibitory (Dopamine)

Question 18

What are the outputs of Caudate & Putamen?

Answer 18

Globus Pallidus
Substantia Nigra - Pars Reticulata

Question 19

Globus Pallidus has two segments that are separated by?

Answer 19

White matter

Question 20

Internal Segment of Globus Pallidus

Answer 20

Output nucleis of the basal ganglia

Question 21

What is the external segement of Globus Pallidus?

Answer 21

Internal circuitry

Question 22

Location of Globus Pallidus

Answer 22

In the telecephalon, medial to the putamen, lateral to the internal capsule

Question 23

What is the composition of Globus Pallidus?

Answer 23

Neurons that spontaneously release GABA
Tonically inhibit target

Question 24

Inputs of Globus Pallidus

Answer 24

• Striatum (Inhibitory)
• Subthalamus nucleus ( Excitatory - Glutamate)

Question 25

Outputs of Globus Pallidus

Answer 25

- Internal Segment: thalamus - External Segment: Subthalamic nuleus

Question 26

Location of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Answer 26

Diencephalon, part of the ventral thalamus

Question 27

What is the composition of Subthalamic Nucleus?

Answer 27

Neurons with little spontaneous activity that releases glutamate

Question 28

What is the difference of subthalamic nucleus compared to Striatum & Globus Pallidus

Answer 28

Subthalamic nucleus releases glutamate, and transiently excite targets