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Honors Biology 1 > Ms40-48 > Flashcards

Ms40-48 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

A

energy must be invested into a system to maintain order

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2
Q

what do we call usable form of energy?

A

energy carriers

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3
Q

what are PS & CR?

A

reverse metabolic processes

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4
Q

what is basal metabolic rate/how is it measured? (BMR)

A

energy required to sustain organ functions, measured by CO2 released in an hour

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5
Q

what percentage of energy is used for BMR?

A

70%. 20% of that for brain and 27% for liver.

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6
Q

how is energy stored in energy carriers?

A

chemical bonds or high energy electrons.

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7
Q

who uses PS?

A

plants, protists, cyanobacteria

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8
Q

energy carriers in CR?

A

ATP
NADH
FADH

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9
Q

energy carriers in PS?

A

ATP

NADPH

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10
Q

what does it mean to be complementary metabolic pathways?

A

the products of one are the reactants of the other

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11
Q

where does CR take place?

A

in the cytosol and mitochondrion

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12
Q

overall input to overall output of CR?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —>

6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP

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13
Q

where does PS occur?

A

in the chloroplast

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14
Q

overall input to overall output of PS?

A

6H20 + 6CO2 + light energy —>

C6H12O6 + 602

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15
Q

stages of PS and places?

A 
light reactions (thylakoid)
calvin cycle (stroma)
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16
Q

does CR w/ or w/o O2 produce more energy? who uses that?

A

with 02, big cells w/ low SA/V ratio

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17
Q

stages of CR and places?

A 
glycolysis (cytoplasm)
krebs cycle (mitochondrion)
oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondrion)
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18
Q

what is obligate anaerobic CR?

A

no oxygen is used because it is toxic

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19
Q

what is obligate aerobic CR?

A

must use oxygen

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20
Q

what is facultative anaerobic CR?

A

anaerobic but if oxygen is present they can use it

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21
Q

inputs of glycolysis?

A

1 glucose, 2 ATP, 2NAD+

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22
Q

outputs of glycolysis?

A

2 net ATP, 2 pyruvate, 2NADH

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23
Q

inputs of fermentation?

Study These Flashcards
A

1 glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+

24
Q

outputs of fermentation?

Study These Flashcards
A

2 lactic acid OR ethanol, 1CO2(alcoholic), 2NAD+

25
who uses fermentation?
yeast prokaryotes muscle tissue
26
preparatory phase for krebs cycle location?
mito. matrix
27
preparatory phase inputs?
1 pyruvate, 1NAD+
28
preparatory phase outputs?
1CO2, 1NADH, 1 acetyl CoA
29
krebs cycle inputs?
1 acetyl CoA
30
krebs cycle outputs?
2CO2, 1ATP, 1FADH, 3 NADH (double for one glucose)
31
study drawing ...
input/output table, stages
32
ETC inputs?
O2, NADH, FADH, ADP+P
33
ETC outputs?
H20, ATP
34
how is light absorbed?
through pigments
35
what is the energy of light used to do? What does this do?
to split H20 into 2H+, 1/2O2, 2e- | sets up H+ gradient
36
where is there a high concentration of H+? low?
high in thylakoid space (lumen) | low in stroma
37
where are the e- from the pigments used and how are they effected?
they are used in the ETC and are "excited" from sunlight absorption
38
pigments absorb what?
different wavelengths
39
which commonly used wavelength is shortwave?
violet
40
which commonly used wavelength is longwave?
red
41
which wavelengths have more energy? less?
shortwave has more | longwave has less
42
what is the main pigment used by plants?
chlorophyll a
43
accessory pigments used by plants?
chlorophyll b, carotenoids
44
what is the reflected wavelength?
perceived color
45
where is the densest concentration of pigments?
in the thylakoid membranes
46
where is the densest concentration of chloroplasts?
in leaves
47
where is light absorbed?
at photosystems in thylakoid membranes
48
what are the two parts of the photosystems and what do they do?
antenna complex: chlorophylls that absorb light | reaction center: specialized chlorophyll that excepts energized e- (shipped to ETC)
49
what transports the excited e- from the reaction center to the ETC?
e- acceptor molecules
50
where do spent electrons go t be re-charged?
PS1
51
calvin cycle inputs?
C02 ATP NADH
52
calvin cycle outputs?
G3P
53
how much CO2 is required to build 1 glucose?
6CO2-->2G3P-->1 Glucose
54
3 things you can do with glucose after Calvin Cycle?
store (starch) cellulose (structure) cellular respiration
55
where does the calvin cycle take place?
stroma

Honors Biology 1 (22 decks)

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