Ms86-90 Animals Quest Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
what are the 2 kinds of body symmetry?
A
radial
bilateral
2
Q
what amount of animals are invertebrates?
A
2/3
3
Q
how many animal phyla are there?
A
35
4
Q
what kind of structure did the first animals have?
A
simple invertebrates
5
Q
what process forms morula from the zygote?
A
cleavage
6
Q
what process forms blastula from morula?
A
cleavage
7
Q
what process from blastula to blastophore?
A
gastrulation (cell membrane)
8
Q
what process from blatophore to organism?
A
development
9
Q
what process from organism to zygote?
A
reproduction
10
Q
what happens during gastrulation?
A
3 germ layers form
11
Q
what does the ectoderm layer do?
A
skin
nervous system
12
Q
what does the endoderm do?
A
gut (digestive system)
13
Q
what does the mesoderm do?
A
blood
bones
gonads
14
Q
protostome orifice development?
A
mouth first
15
Q
deuterostome orifice development?
A
anus first
16
Q
who were the first animals?
A
phylum Porifera
17
Q
what movement do Porifera have?
A
sessile
18
Q
what phyla do sponges belong to?
A
Porifera
19
Q
what do spicules do?
A
protection
structure
20
Q
what does collagen do?
A
structure
21
Q
evolution of animals?
A
choanoflagellates (protist)–> sponge choanocyte–> sponge
22
Q
What phyla has stinging?
A
Cnidarians
23
Q
what are cnidarian stingers called?
A
cnidocytes
24
Q
what simple things do cnidarians have?
A
simple nerve net and gastrovascular cavity
25
what is mesoglea?
a jelly-like substance
26
what are the two kinds of cnidarian body plans?
polyp
| medusa
27
what is the largest marine phylum and how many species?
Mollusca
| 50,000
28
what are the 3 classes of mollusks?
bivalvia
gastropods
cephalapoda
29
3 parts of mollusks?
foot
mantle
radula
30
how do mollusks feed?
filter feed or predation
31
are mollusks protostomes or deuterostomes?
protostomes
32
what coelom is a flatworm?
acoelomate
33
what coelom is an annelid?
pseudocoelomate
34
what does coelom do?
allows for greater specialization of function
| separates internal organs
35
what kind of symmetry do worms have?
bilateral symmetry
36
what is the life protein?
collagen
37
what helps worms retain water and help with protection?
non-cellular cuticle (made of collagen)
38
are worms protostomic or deuterostomes?
protostomic (mouth develops first)
39
how many germ layers does a worm have?
3 germ layers (triploblastic)
40
what kind of worms are in Platyhelminthes?
flatworms
41
do Platyhelminthes have an anus?
no
42
what does the flat shape of Platyhelminthes help do?
solves the challenge of exchanging gas and nutrients and waste with the environment
43
what kind of worms are in Nematoda?
Round Worms
44
what kind of coelom are Nematoda?
pseudocoelomate
45
what are Nematoda reliant on?
diffusion (no circulatory system)
46
many Nematoda are what? (how do they get food)
parasitic
47
what kind of worms are in Annelida?
segmented worms
48
what kind of coelom are Annelida
coelomate
49
what kind of circulatory system do Annelida have?
closed circulatory system
50
parts of the nervous system of Annelida?
Cerebral ganglia
| ventral nerve cord
51
what is the Nephridia of the earth worm analogous to?
to vertebrate kidneys
52
what is closed circulatory blood confined to?
blood vessels
53
if you have an open circulatory system, what must you rely on?
diffusion
54
what phyla do sea stars belong to?
Echinodermata
55
what coelom is Echinodermata?
coelomate
56
what kind of vascular system do Echinodermata have?
water vascular system
57
what do tube feet in Echinodermata do?
movement
feeding (pull apart bivalves)
gas exchange
58
what does the Simple Nerve Ring do for Echinodermata?
allows eyespots to sense light or dark
59
who was the first arthropod?
trilobites
60
what kind of body do Arthropoda have?
segmented body
61
what are the four sub-phylums in Arthropoda?
insects
crustaceans
arachnids
myriapods
62
what is the largest animal class?
insects
63
are Arthropoda protostomic or deuterostomic?
they are protostomes
64
what coelome are Arthropoda?
coelomate
65
what kind of circulatory system do Arthropoda have?
open circulatory system
66
what Arthropoda structure is analogous to the vertebrate trachea?
trachea
67
what Arthropoda structure is analogous to the worm nephridia and vertebrate kidneys?
malpighian tubules
68
what is the exoskeleton of Arthropoda made of and what does it do?
chitin (non-cellular)
protects organs
water retention
structural support
69
three body segments of Arthropoda and function?
head (sensory)
thorax (appendages attach)
abdomen (reproductive organs)
70
most phylum Chordata are what?
vertebrates
71
what do all Chordata have as embryos?
post-anal tail
notochord
pharyngeal arches
72
what structures do all vertebrates have?
```
bony or cartilaginous endoskeleton
skull
closed circulatory system
4-chambered heart
tail or tailbone
hinged jaw
```
73
what were fish the first to have?
gills
hinged jaws
teeth
vertebrae
74
what mode of regulating body temperature is external?
ectothermic
75
what mode of regulating body temperature is internal?
endothermic
76
what mode of regulating body temperature is stable?
homeothermic
77
what animal species represented the transition of tetrapods from water to land?
Tiktaalik
78
evolutionary innovation in Fish?
teeth
| hinged jaw
79
evolutionary innovation in Amphibians?
1st tetrapods
rudimentary lungs
semi-aquatic lifestyle
80
evolutionary innovation in Reptiles?
fully terrestrial
amniotic eggs
internal fertilization
strong lungs
81
evolutionary innovation in Birds?
```
feathers
4-chambered heart
lungs deliver O2 on inhale and exhale
hollow bones
keel bone(flight muscles)
endothermic (most homeothermic)
```
82
evolutionary innovation in Mammals
```
internal development
live birth
sweat glands
fur
mammary glands
extended parental care
placenta
```
83
what group of Mammals have the placenta?
Eutherians
84
what are the three kinds of Mammals in order of least to most developed?
Monotremes
Marsupials
Eutherians
85
what are Monotremes?
egg laying Mammals
86
what are Marsupials?
Mammals that give birth to underdeveloped young
87
what are Eutherians?
Mammals with a placenta and umbilical cord with villi
