Ms80-84 unit test + flower dissection lab

Question 1

what did the Miller-Urey experiment conclude?

Answer 1

that minerals from hydrothermal vents could build organic molecules

Question 2

why did life most likely evolve in deep sea ecosystems?

Answer 2

protected from UV rays
atmosphere was too hot/ harsh
minerals could build organic molecules

Question 3

who was the first organism?

Answer 3

Archaeans

Question 4

oldest known full fossils?

Answer 4

cyanobacteria

Question 5

many of Archaeans are what?

Answer 5

extremophiles

Question 6

when did Earth form?

Answer 6

4.6 bya

Question 7

when was the origin of life with Archaeans?

Answer 7

3.8 bya

Question 8

when does photosynthesis evolve with cyanobacteria?

Answer 8

3.5 bya

Question 9

when does atmospheric oxygen increase drastically? (1%-21%)

Answer 9

2.7 bya

Question 10

when were the first eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

2.2 bya

Question 11

when was the first simple multicellular organisms?

Answer 11

2.1 bya

Question 12

when do non-vascular plants colonize land?

Answer 12

475 mya

Question 13

when was the first flowering plant?

Answer 13

130 mya

Question 14

what attracts pollinators?

Answer 14

petals

Question 15

what protects the flower when it is a bud?

Answer 15

sepals

Question 16

what is the female reproductive system of a flower?

Answer 16

pistil

Question 17

what is a long stock as well as the sticky end attached to it?

Answer 17

style

stigma

Question 18

where does pollen travel?

Answer 18

to the ovary

Question 19

what does the ovary contain?

Answer 19

ovules

Question 20

what is the male reproductive system of a flower?

Answer 20

stamen

Question 21

what is the stamen made up of and what does it support? What does that do?

Answer 21

filament

anther; produces pollen

Question 22

how did life begin?

Answer 22

with Abiogenesis

Question 23

what is Abiogenesis?

Answer 23

organic molecules formed in oceans–> “primordial soup” from which first cells formed

Question 24

what are the organic molecules made in the Miller-Urey experiment?

Answer 24

amino acids—> proteins

Question 25

what is the evidence for Anaerobic Heterotroph Hypothesis?

Answer 25

many Archaeans are anaerobic heterotrophs | primordial soup

Question 26

what is the evidence for Chemosynthesis Hypothesis?

Answer 26

many Archaeans are chemosynthetic autotrophs | hydrothermal vents

Question 27

what were the first photosynthetic organisms?

Answer 27

cyanobacteria

Question 28

why is fossilization tricky?

Answer 28

tough to preserve soft tissues most are eaten/decay only sedimentary rock

Question 29

what are there in the fossil record?

Answer 29

gaps

Question 30

how are fossils' age determined?

Answer 30

measurement of isotopes which decay over predictable amounts of time

Question 31

what does a virus require a host for?

Answer 31

reproduction homeostasis metabolism

Question 32

is a virus living?

Answer 32

no!

Question 33

are viruses cellular?

Answer 33

no!

Question 34

what is a virus?

Answer 34

a non-cellular infectious particle

Question 35

how are viruses categorized

Answer 35

shape host type symptoms genetic material

Question 36

2 hypothesis for how viruses cam to be?

Answer 36

stepping stone between macromolecules and first cells regressive evolution

Question 37

what is a vaccine?

Answer 37

inactive form of a virus injected to build up an antibody

Question 38

what is vaccine immunity called?

Answer 38

gained immunity

Question 39

what kind of virus is HIV and what does that mean it does?

Answer 39

it is a retrovirus, meaning it uses Reverse Transcriptase to produce DNA from its RNA

Question 40

what makes HIV so hard to fight?

Answer 40

kills cells that fight it off | constantly mutates

Question 41

what does HIV lead to?

Answer 41

AIDS; suppressed immune system

Question 42

what are the domains and kingdoms(of them what is order?)?

Answer 42

Bacteria; Archaea; Eukarya Bacteria; Archaea; protista; fungi; plantae; animalia

Question 43

what are 2 mutualistic fungal relationships?

Answer 43

Lichen (fungus and green algae) Mycorrhizae (fungal hyphae and plant roots)

Question 44

what is a protist?

Answer 44

anything that does not fit in the other kingdoms

Question 45

how are protists often grouped?

Answer 45

by food source (autotroph, heterotroph, decomposer)

Question 46

what does Protozoa mean?

Answer 46

First Animal

Question 47

what is the range of mobility in Protozoa?

Answer 47

flagellum cilia pseudopodia

Question 48

many protists are what/ examples?

Answer 48

parasitic and/or pathogenic Malaria and Red Tide

Question 49

what makes up 25% of Earth's photosynthetic biomass?

Answer 49

diatoms

Question 50

what kind of heterotrophs are fungus-like molds/mildews?

Answer 50

Absorptive Heterotroph

Question 51

where are the spores on a Mushroom

Answer 51

gills

Question 52

what sexual reproduction is most common in Plantae?

Answer 52

spore production

Question 53

what does the cuticle of a leaf do?

Answer 53

keeps in moisture as well as keeps it out

Question 54

what doe the Stomata and Stomata crypts allow for?

Answer 54

gas exchange

Question 55

what does it mean to be vascular?

Answer 55

has a system of tubes- roots and shoots

Question 56

phylum order of evolutionary time?

Answer 56

Bryophytes Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Question 57

evolution at Bryophytes?

Answer 57

cuticles

Question 58

evolution at Pteridophytes?

Answer 58

vascular system

Question 59

evolution at Gymnosperms?

Answer 59

seeds | pollen

Question 60

evolution at Angiosperms?

Answer 60

flowers | fruits

Question 61

what are the two main alternating stages in the life cycle of a plant?

Answer 61

sporophyte | gametophyte

Question 62

what happens during gametophyte?

Answer 62

multicellular haploid, produces gametes

Question 63

what happens during sporophyte?

Answer 63

multicellular diploid, produces spores

Question 64

two sperm travel to the ovule. Why?

Answer 64

one fertilizes the egg to form a zygote | one fertilizes the large central cell to produce 3n endosperm for a lunchbox

Question 65

what are seeds?

Answer 65

double fertilized ovule (embryo/ endosperm)

Question 66

what is fruit?

Answer 66

ripened ovary encasing seeds