MSK S1 - The Skeletal System - Bones & Joints

Question 0

How much movement do each of the three joint types allow?

Answer 0

Synovial - most movement and most variety of movement
Cartilaginous - no/minimal movements
Fibrous - virtually no movement

Question 1

What are the three types of joint?

Answer 1

Sinovial, fibrous and cartilaginous

Question 2

What are the types of cartilaginous joint?

Answer 2

Synchondroses

Symphyses

Question 3

Describe synchondroses (a type of cartilaginous joint)

Answer 3

Minimal or no movement
Covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage
Eg sternocostal joints and immobile temporary joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of growing long bones

Question 4

What are the types of synovial joint?

Answer 4

Hinge
Saddle
Plane
Ball and socket
Pivot
Chondyloid

Question 5

Describe symphyses (a type of cartilaginous joint)

Answer 5

Ends of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
Held together by a disk of fibrocartilage and ligaments
Variable but usually limited movements
Eg sacro-coccygeal joint, manubriosternal joint,joints between vertebral bodies.

Question 6

What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?

Answer 6

The Axial and the Apendicular skeleton

Question 7

What three things does the stability of joints depend upon?

Answer 7

The shape, size and arrangement of articular surfaces
The ligaments
The tone of muscles around the joint

Question 8

What are the types of fibrous joint?

Answer 8

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

Question 9

Describe gomphoses (a type of fibrous joint)

Answer 9

Found where the teeth articulate with the maxillae and the mandible
Fibrous connection called the periodontal ligament
Minimal movement

Question 10

Describe syndesmoses (a type of fibrous joint)

Answer 10

Bones held together by an interosseous membrane

Examples: middle tibiofibular joint and middle radio-ulnar joint

Question 11

What is the main purpose of the axial skeleton?

Answer 11

To provide protection to vulnerable and vital body parts

Question 12

What is the main function of the Apendicular skeleton?

Answer 12

To allow motility

Question 13

Describe sutures (a type of fibrous joint)

Answer 13

Only found between bones of skull

Limited movement until 20 years of age, then become fixed.

Question 14

What are the functions of bone?

Answer 14

Support
Shape
Protection
Body movement
Haemopoesis
Mineral storage
Lipid storage

Question 15

Where does haemopoesis take place?

Answer 15

In red bone marrow

Question 16

Within bones, where are minerals stored?

Answer 16

In bone matrix

Question 17

What are the types of bone?

Answer 17

Flat
Long
Irregular
Short (cuboidal)
Sesamoid

Question 18

What is a Tuberosity?

Answer 18

A roughened or rounded elevation of a bone where a muscle/ligament attaches

Question 19

What is a tubercle?

Answer 19

A small, rounded lump

Question 20

What is a spine/spinous process?

Answer 20

A slender projection

Question 21

What is a trochanter?

Answer 21

A large projection of the femur

Question 22

What is a chondyle?

Answer 22

A large prominence or rounded surface

Question 23

What is an epichondyle

Answer 23

A smaller prominence above a chondyle

Question 24

What is a crest?

Answer 24

A ridge

Question 25

What is a facet?

Answer 25

A flattened surface for joint or muscle attachment

Question 26

What is a sinus?

Answer 26

A hollow space

Question 27

What is a meatus?

Answer 27

A tunnel or canal

Question 28

What is a foramen?

Answer 28

A hole or opening

Question 29

What are the bone groups in the hand and wrist?

Answer 29

Carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

Question 30

What is a fissure?

Answer 30

A cleft/narrow slit

Question 31

What is a notch?

Answer 31

A large groove

Question 32

What is a fossa?

Answer 32

A depression

Question 33

What are the carpal bones?

Answer 33

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

Question 34

True or false: the metacarpals and phalanges are numbered from thumb to little finger.

Answer 34

True (ie the thumb is one)

Question 35

What are the phalanges of the thumb?

Answer 35

The proximal phalanx and the distal phalanx

Question 36

What are the phalanges of the fingers named?

Answer 36

Proximal, middle and distal phalanges.

Question 37

What are the bones of the arm and shoulder?

Answer 37

Clavicle, Scapula and Humerus

Question 38

What are the bones of the forearm?

Answer 38

Radius and ulna

Question 39

What are some likely fracture sites in the upper limb?

Answer 39

Surgical neck of humerus Humeral head Scaphoid Distal radius

Question 40

Where exactly does the pectoralis major originate?

Answer 40

Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle | Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Question 49

Where does the pectoralis major insert?

Answer 49

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 50

How is pectoralis major innervated?

Answer 50

By the lateral and medial pectoral nerves; Clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

Question 51

What are the main actions of pectoralis major?

Answer 51

Adducts and medically rotates humerus Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly Flexion and extension of humerus

Question 54

Where does pectoralis minor originate?

Answer 54

Superior surface of the 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages

Question 55

What are the main actions of pectoralis minor?

Answer 55

Stabilises scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

Question 56

How is pectoralis minor innervated?

Answer 56

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

Question 57

Where does pectoralis minor insert?

Answer 57

Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Question 59

What are the main actions of the subclavius?

Answer 59

Anchors and depresses clavicle

Question 61

How is the subclavius innervated?

Answer 61

Subclavian nerve (C5, C6)

Question 62

Where does the subclavius originate?

Answer 62

At the junction of the 1st rib and it's costal cartilage

Question 63

What are the main actions of serratus anterior?

Answer 63

Protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall | Rotates scapula

Question 64

Where does the subclavius insert?

Answer 64

Inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle

Question 66

How is serratus anterior innervated?

Answer 66

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Question 68

Where does serratus anterior originate?

Answer 68

External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

Question 69

Where does serratus anterior insert?

Answer 69

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula