MT-healing Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
most organs of the body are formed by “functional cells” called_____
A
parenchyma
2
Q
parenchyma are bounded to together by connective tissue that forms the ______
A
stroma
3
Q
When tissue is replaced from the parenchyma the process is called ______
A
regeneration
4
Q
when fibrous scar tissue fills the gap left by the loss of damaged tissue it is called ____
A
repair
5
Q
components of healing (4)
A
regenerationrepairrevascularizationsurface restoration
6
Q
the formation of new ____ channels is important to healing
A
vascular
7
Q
when cells lost through injury are replaced via mitosis of adjacent parenchymal cells….
A
regeneration
8
Q
regeneration is and ideal response to injury because…..
A
new tissue assumes normal functions
9
Q
not all tissues in the body possess the same degree of ______ capacity
A
regenerative
10
Q
in terms of regeneration, there are 3 types of tissue
A
labilestablepermanent
11
Q
_____ tissues must divide continually to replace cells that are being depleted by normal processes
A
labile
12
Q
examples of labile tissue
A
skin, mucous membranes, linings of ducts, red bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
13
Q
_____ tissue, regeneration involves accelerating the normal mitotic rate
A
labile
14
Q
_____ tissue are those that divide slowly post adolescence
A
Stable
15
Q
stable tissue examples
A
glandsliverosteoblastssmooth muscle fibersvascular endothelium
16
Q
Regeneration in stable tissue is organized in a pattern dictated by the _____
A
stroma
17
Q
disorderly regeneration process results in ______ tissue configuration typically involves ______ deficiency
A
abnormal, functional
18
Q
in labile tissue the number of actively dividing cells is ___% or greater
A
1.5%
19
Q
in _____ tissue, the number of dividing cells is less than 1.5%
A
stable
20
Q
the loss of _____ tissue results in functional loss. this is because mitotic activity stops at ____
A
functional, birth
21
Q
examples of permanent tissue
A
nervous tissuecardiac/skeletal muscle
22
Q
permanent tissues are replaced by
A
scar tissue
23
Q
stable cells can _____ the division cycle but only with the appropriate ______
A
reenter, growth stimulus
24
Q
healing by____ is the process of laying down fibrous connective tissue
A
repair
25
repair restores _______ and _____ but not function
strength and structural integrity
26
scares are form by a process called
fibrosis
27
_____ cells make collagen fibers
fibroblasts
28
fibroblasts are present in the ___ tissue of the organs ____
CT, stroma
29
are resistant to damage
fibroblasts
30
fundamental subunit for formation of collagen
procollagen
31
procollagen + procollegen
long filament of collagen
32
long filament of collagen X many long filaments of collagen
collagen fiber bundles
33
newly formed collagen is weak until ___ days post injury
5
34
Cross linking of collagen fibers occur via ______ bonds between _____ fibers
chemical, adjacent
35
tensile strength of collagen matches that of
cast iron
36
tensile strength continues to increase in fibrous repair tissue after collagen production stops because....
it realigns it's orientation along the lines of stress
37
extracellular matrix is where
process of scaring occurs
38
lots of protein with small carbo portion
glycoproteins
39
lots of carbs with little protein
proteoglycans (mucopolysacccharides)
40
ECM helps scar formation by
helping form a well anchored scar
41
plasma fibrinogen gets converted to ______, forming a _____ that entraps blood and tissue debris
fibrin, mesh
42
___ must be removed for healing process to be complete
clot
43
the elimination of the clot by phagocytosis (or necrotic tissue) and its replacement of scar tissue is called ______
organization
44
production of new blood vessels to supply and drain the site of damage is called
revascularization
45
______ occurs in the exudate at the damage site
revascularization
46
exudate takes on the characteristic pink and granular appearance, hence called ______ tissue
grannulation
47
_____ is dependent of the organization of the granulation tissue
repair
48
______ tissue is a transition material in which fibrosis and revascularization are favored
grannulation
49
new capillaries are formed from intact vessels _____ to the wound site
adjacent
50
dividing endothelial cells from adjacent capillaries project into the damaged area to form ______
endothelial buds (or cords)
51
vessel walls are built from the ______ _____
inside out
52
newly formed vessels are more
permeable
53
starts later and ends slower when compared to revascularization of blood vessels
lymphatic drainage
54
new endothelial buds of blood capillaries never link up with those coming from
lymphatic vessels
55
healing region has high
metabolic demand = more pink
56
links to vasomotor neurons develop and _____ nervous control of new vessels
restores
57
in surface restoration a zone of ______ developers near the wound edge.
active mitosis
58
primary healing describes healing of a
incision
59
clot functions
limits blood lossseals wound from dehydrationprotects agains microbesprovides stabilization for repair fibters
60
_____ digests the clot
macrophages via enzyme release
61
as macrophages digest the clot the ______ is released from RBCs and contribute to early discoloration
hemoglobin
62
granulation, revascularization and fibroblast activity start happening well with in
2 days
63
__ -___ days stitches are removed
6-8
64
resumption of _____ formation causes loosening of the scab, allowing it to easily separate from newly restored surface
keratin
65
melanocytes cannot ______ so they are not replaced (that is why the scar is lighter on the epidermis)
regenerate
66
the strength of fully healed skin never reaches its ______ level
preinjury
67
@ 5 days the new skin is ____ of original strength
10%
68
@ two months the new skin is ____ of original strength
1/3
69
@ 3 months the new skin is ____ of original strength
70-80% (max strength)
70
Secondary healing
is seen in wounds whose edges are not closely opposed
71
wounds that require secondary healing are _____ and _____
larger, produce more debris
72
secondary healing takes _____ than primary healing
longer
73
wound contraction
reduces the size of the gap the granulation tissue must fill and area the new epithelium must restore
74
mechanism of underlying wound contraction depends on a specialized cell called a _______
myofibroblast (has contractile capability while resembling a fibroblast)
75
myofibroblast start by _____ to other cells or fibrous structures at the margins of the wound
anchoring
76
a ____ wound leaves more surface to restore
circular
77
myofibroblasts align themselves so that they contract in a direction at ______ angles to the _______ center
right, geometric
78
when bone heals it forms new tissue and returns to _____ strength at point of damage
original
79
when the _____ is torn blood bleeds ino the surrounding tissue
periosteum
80
first stage of bone healing involves removal of ______ blood
clotted
81
initial stage of bone healing ______ migrate from the periostium and endosteium
osteoblasts
82
early second stage of healing_____ lay down dense collagen and cartilage resulting in a ______ mass
osteoblasts, fibrocartilaginous mass (akas soft callus/osteoid)
83
fibrocartilaginout mass provides _____ of the fracture
stabilization
84
______ is ossified by osteoblasts and forms a hard callus
osteoid (solf callus),
85
the third stage is _____ of the hard callus
remodeling
86
the third stage involves both _____ and _____
osteoblasts, osteoclasts
87
stage 1 ___ daysstage 2stage 3
4-5 days3 weeksmonths to years
88
damaged neurons are replaced by ____
gliosis
89
gliosis is the ____ of neuroglia
proliferration
90
no function is restored with partial or inadaquate axon ______
regeneration
91
the ____ only part of a myelinated neuros process is lost the damage the lost portion can regenerate is the supporting connective tissue and ______ remain intact along the original path of the neuron process
PNS, Schwann cells
92
regeneration of neurons cannot replace any _____ sensory receptors, this results in restoration of ____ but not _____
specialized, motor, sensory
93
when _____ connective tissue is lost throught injury the necessary guidance for the gowth of new sprouts is lacking and the _____ oft he axon or dendrite does not occur
nerve's, regeneration
94
when an entire nerve is severed. regeneration of its neurons processes may occur if the _____ ends are aligned and promply sutured
opposite
95
if the nerve ends remain separated, the distal processes
degenerate
96
traumatic neuroma
disorganized tangle of axons and scare tissue that is usually quite painful
97
regeneration occurs in ____ muscle but not ____
smooth, skeletal
98
complication of healing
contractureadhesionsdehiscencekeloidsproud flesh
99
______ may limit mobility
contracture
100
______ is a contracture that constricts lumen of an organ
stricture (can even lead to stasis)
101
stricture of fallopian tube can lead to
sterility
102
stricture of intestines can lead to
perferation of the wall
103
Dehiscence
breaking up of a healing wound because of pressure
104
the abdominal wall is the most common site of ____
dehiscence
105
chances for dehiscence is greatly increased with ______
Paroxysms (coughing, vomiting, diarrhea)
106
dehiscence can lead to _____
hernia
107
Irregular masses of scar tissue
keloids
108
excessive release of ____ or super sensitivitiy can lead to keloid formation
TGF-B (transforming growth factor beta)
109
secreted by macrophages at site of injury
TGF-B (transforming growth factor beta)
110
TGF-B (transforming growth factor beta) function
proliferation of fibroblasts
111
overproduction of granulation tissue
proud flesh
112
when skin is pulled off with surgical material ____ which is normally at the surface of the skin is stuck deep into the dermis causeing
keratin, suture complications
113
cortico-steroids can _____ chances of infection
increase
114
movement near wound _____ or ____ healing
delays, prevents
115
non union or fibrous union occures when _____ is not ossified
osteoid
116
immobility is especially important for
muscle and tendon regeneration
117
animo acid _______ is required for normal healing because _____ need it for forming extra cellular matrix
methionine, proteoglycans
118
_____ is important for enzymes
zinc
119
AAs to procollagen needs
vitamin C
