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Anatomy and Physiology > Muscle Unit > Flashcards

Muscle Unit Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Muscle Cells

A
  • Skeletal (voluntary)
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
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2
Q

Function of Muscles

A
  1. Produce movement
  2. Maintain posture
  3. Support soft tissues
  4. Protection
  5. Maintain body temperature
  6. Store nutrient reserves
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3
Q

Skeletal

A

Multinucleated with long large fibers

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4
Q

Cardiac

A

Branch shaped cells with intercalated disks (doesn’t need a nerve to activate)

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5
Q

What do muscle fascicles make up?

A

Skeletal Muscle

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6
Q

What do muscle fibers make up?

A

Muscle fascicle

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7
Q

What do myocytes make up?

A

muscle fibers

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8
Q

What do myofibrils make up?

A

myocytes

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9
Q

What makes up the myofibrils?

A

sacromers

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10
Q

What is the thick filament

A

Myosin

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11
Q

What holds myosin in place?

A

Titin

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12
Q

What is the thin filament? What does it do?

A

Actin ; it pulls myosin together

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13
Q

Tropmyosin

A

prevent the muscle from contracting at the wrong time

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14
Q

Troponin

A

promotes muscle contraction

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15
Q

A band

A

spans length of myosin fiber

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16
Q

I band

A

contains only actin fibers ; no myosin

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17
Q

H band

A

contains myosin fibers ; no actin

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18
Q

Z line

A

acts as anchor for actin fibers

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19
Q

M line

A

middle line (vertical medial line) to hold myosin in place

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20
Q

How does fiber shortening happen?

A

As sarcomeres shorten, muscle pulls together, producing tension

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21
Q

Which bands get smaller during muscle contraction?

A

I band
H band

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22
Q

Which site is not supposed to move?

A

Origin - attached to bon

23
Q

Insertions

A

bone to bone

24
Q

What is the first step of muscle contraction? Explain it

A

Signalling or Activation
- The neuromuscular junction activates it using acetylcholine

25
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

synapse gap where nerves talks to muscle (using neurotransmitters)

26
Q

Neurotransmitter for Muscle

A

Activated by acetylcholine

27
Q

Second Step of Muscle Contraction

A
  • release calcium
    -Binds to troponin (prevents contraction) to move it so actin is exposed
28
Q

Where is calcium stored?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

29
Q

Third Step in Muscle Contraction

A

Uses ATP to get shorter

30
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

Running completely out of ATP is only at death

31
Q

Endomysium

A

connective tissue inside muscles

32
Q

Perimysium

A

connective tissue surrounding muscle bundles

33
Q

Epimysium

A

envelops entire muscles

34
Q

What happens when the contraction cycle begins?

A

Arrival of calcium ions within the zone of overlap.

35
Q

What happens when the active site is exposed

A

Calcium ions bind to troponin, blocking the contraction.

The troponin molecule then changes position, rolling the tropomyosin molecule away from the active sites on actin and allowing interaction with the energized myosin heads.

  • myosin head attaches to actin
36
Q

Cross Bridge Formation

A

Once the active sites are exposed, the energized myosin heads bind to them, pulling it towards the middle, forming cross-bridges.

37
Q

Myosin Head Pivoting

A

The energy that was stored in the resting state is released as the myosin head pivots toward the M line

38
Q

Power Stroke

A
  • energy that was stored in the resting state is released as the myosin head pivots toward the M line
  • when it occurs, the bound ADP and phosphate group are released.
39
Q

What happens at cross bridge detachment

A

When another ATP binds to the myosin head, the link between the myosin head and the active site on the actin molecule is broken.

  • The active site is now exposed and able to form another cross-bridge.
  • Myosin head detaches from the actin
40
Q
A
41
Q

Agonist

A

prime mover

42
Q

Antagonist

A

opposes movement of agonist

43
Q

Synergist

A
  • smaller muscle that assists larger agonist
44
Q

Motor Units

A
  • That contract at the same time
  • can be big and small
45
Q

Recruitment

A

multiple motor unit summation

46
Q

Tetanus

A

maximum contraction
by all motor units

47
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

occur when the muscle changes length, producing limb motion.

  • use same force
48
Q

Isometric Contraction

A
  • contractions in which there is no change in the length of the muscle
  • holds at same place
49
Q

What are the three major types of skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Fast fibers
Slow fibers
Intermediate fibers

50
Q

Fast Fibers

A
  • strong for short period of time
51
Q

Slow Fibers

A
  • slow for long periods of time
52
Q

Intermediate Fibers

A

between slow and fast fibers

53
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (26 decks)

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