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Biology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

Ap arrives her which triggers release of Ca triggering Ach release which binds to receptors on sarcolemma opening Na+ channels

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2
Q

Depolarisation of sarcolemma

A

Depol travels down t tubule in contact w sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sr contains Ca+ which open Ca binds to troponin

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3
Q

Contract muscle

A

Ca+ binds to troponin which pulls tropomyosin away from the site

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4
Q

Stage 1

A

Cocked myosin hydrolyses atp
Ready to bind in cocked position

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5
Q

Stage 2

A

Attach
Myosin heads bind to actin forming cross bridge

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6
Q

Stage 3

A

Power stroke
Myosin head flexes pulling actin along
Adp and p dissociate

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7
Q

Stage 4

A

Release
Cross bridge still in place
Atp bind to myosin detach from actin

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8
Q

Energy for contraction

A

Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Creatine phosphate store if phosphate used up rapidly

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9
Q

Types of muscle

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Involuntary

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated
Voluntary
Regularly arranged - unidirectional contraction
Rapid contraction
Short contraction
Tubular and multinucleated fibres

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11
Q

Cardiac

A

Specialised striated
Involuntary
Branch and interconnected strands simultaneously contract
Intermediate contraction speed and length
Branched uninucleate fibres

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12
Q

Involuntary

A

Non striated
Involuntary
No regular arrangement contract different directions
Slow contractions
Can be contracted for long time
Spindle shaped and uninucleate

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13
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane which encloses bundles of muscle fibres

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14
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Shared cytoplasm within a muscle fibre

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15
Q

T tubules

A

Parts of sarcolemma that fold inwards to help spread electrical impulses ensures whole of fibre receives impulse

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16
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Modified version of endo plastic reticulum
Extends through fibre and contains calcium ions required for muscle contraction

17
Q

Myofibrils

A

Long cylindrical organelles made of protein lined up in parallel
Made up of actin and myosin

18
Q

Actin

A

Thinner filament 2 twisted strands

19
Q

Myosin

A

Thicker filament
Rod shaped fibres w bulbous heads

20
Q

Light bands

A

Appear light as region where actin and myosin do not overlap ( only actin present)

21
Q

Dark bands

A

Presence of thick myosin as well as overlapping actin

22
Q

Z line & H zone

A

Z line - centre of each z line ( distance between 2 = sarcomere)
H zone - lighter coloured region in middle only myosin ( reduce when muscle contracts)

23
Q

Slow twitch

A

Fatigue resistant
Lots of aerobic resp
Lots of mitochondria
Slower contraction
Good blood supply high amounts of myoglobin
Appear darker

24
Q

Fast twitch

A

Rapid contraction large amount of calcium ions required
Anaerobic resp
Fewer blood vessels than slow twitch
Eg human eyelids
Low myoglobin

Biology (24 decks)

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