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BIOSCI > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of Muscle: myocyte

A

ATP used to generate force/ movement posture and heat

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2
Q

Describe Sketetal muscle

A 
mostly voluntary or postural
cylindrical/long/ striated
multinucleic 
attached to bone via tendon
650 types
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3
Q

Longest muscle

A

Sartorius

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4
Q

Smallest muscle

A

Stepedius

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5
Q

Striation in skeletal muscle is caused by

A

myofibrils within cell

- thick and thin myofilaments overlap= striation

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6
Q

Structure of CT on skeletal muscle

A 
Epimysium( around muscle)
Perimysium (around fascicles)
Endomysium (around myocyte)
Saroelma (around myofibrils)
Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm of myofibrils)
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7
Q

Structure of Skeletal muscles

A

fascicles
Myocyte
myofibrils

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8
Q

describe the structure of a myofilament

A 
Linked by M line
H band (only thick filament)
I band (only thin filament)
A band (all of thick filament
Z disc- links via actin to corresponding sarcomere
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9
Q

What is the function on Titin

A

Links M line to Z line provides resting tension in I band (molecular spring)

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10
Q

In full contraction What occurs to the myofilament structures

A

A band exits

I band and H band no longer exits as there is overlapping in the sarcomere

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11
Q

Cardiac tissue structure

A

Straited branched
single nuclei
Fibres join ends via intercalated discs
involuntary

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12
Q

Intercalated disc have which junctions and their function

A

Desmosomes- bind filaments Provide adhesion in contraction

Gap junction: communication/ rapid communication

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13
Q

What junctions do you find in cardiac tissue

A

GAp and desmosomes

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14
Q

Smooth muscles description

A 
Walls of hollow internal structures: intestines & bV
short small
Involuntary not striated
single nuclei
Dense bodies
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15
Q

Describe Smooth muscle contraction

A

Smooth muscle contracts via twist

= Intermediate filaments do not contract

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16
Q

Two main subdivisions of the NS

A

Central- spinal cord and brain (optic nerve)

Peripheral NS: sensory/ afferent division.
Motor efferent division

17
Q

Functions of NS

A

homeostatsis
V movement
perception/ behaviour and memory

18
Q

Activated groups in CNS

A

Sensory: CNS
Intagrative: memory
Motor: glans/ muscle: effector

19
Q

Which cell is the longest in the body

A

Neurons

20
Q

Describe the 2 types of nerves within the body

A

Neurons- large- concious and unconcious control

Neuroglia- supporting cell (small)

21
Q

Describe the Structure of a Neuron

A 
Has cell bodies
Dendrites: receives inpulses
axon: sends messages away
axon mylinated
high metabolic rate/ do not divide
have mutipolar neurons
22
Q

What are the 4 Neuron structures

A

Multipolar
bipolar
unipolar
anaxonic

23
Q

Describe Multipolar neuron

A

Mutiple 2 or more dentrites
largest
found in CNS common
controls skeletal muscle

24
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

Special nerve sensors
cell body found between dendrites and axons
rare

25
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

cell body branches off to side
dendrites and axon are continuous
involved in sensory
long

26
Q

Anaxonic Neuron

A

very rare
can not determine what is dendrite and axon
found in brain & special sense organs

27
Q

Neuroglia function and location

A

CNS and PNS
does not send action potentials but can communicate

Physical structure of Nervous tissue
repair framework
undertake phagocytosis
nutrient supply
regulated interstitial fluid
28
Q

What are the 4 classifications of CNS Neuroglia

A

Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
microglia
Oligodendrocytes

29
Q

Astrocytes description

A

Blood brain barrier

Largest most numerous neuroglia- syncytium network

30
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

FORMS myelin sheath (protein lipid layer) in CNS

mylienated more than one neuron

31
Q

Microglia

A

Phagocytic- protection

32
Q

Ependymal cells

A

produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
lines ventricles in brain/ central canal
have cilia and microvilli
mechanical buffer moves nutrients

33
Q

What are the 2 type of PNS Neuroglia

A

Schwann cells- mylinated sheath

Satellite cells- supprt fluid exchange

BIOSCI (29 decks)

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