SKIN function

Question 1

What are skins function

Answer 1

Thermoregulation
Protection/ Barrier
Sensation

Question 2

What are the 3 skin structures

Answer 2

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Question 3

Describe Epidermis

Answer 3

top layer
barrier/ continued renewal
no structural strength
Kerintocyte

Question 4

Statification is important for?

Answer 4

barrier function and continued renewal of the epidermis

Question 5

What are the 4 layers of Statum within the epidermis

Top to bottom

Answer 5

Stratum corneum
Stratum- lucidum (only present in thick skin)
Stratum granulosm
Stratuum spinosum
Stratum basal

Question 6

Describe the Stratum Corneum

Answer 6

25-30 layers deep/ barrier to keep moisture in and outside world out

Question 7

Describe the Stratum Lucidum

Answer 7

only present in thick skin

fingertips palms soles

Question 8

Describe the Stratum granulosm

Answer 8

Flattened keratinocyte undergoing apoptosis (death)
Lamellar granules + plasma membrane= lipid rich secretion= barrier
Keratohyalin - dark granules =keratin intermediate filaments into keratin

Question 9

Describe the Stratum spinosum

Answer 9

8-10 layers
keratinocyte starts to flatten
Keratin intermediate filament and desmosomes hold cells together

Question 10

Describe the Stratum Basale

Answer 10

Keratinocyte stems cells are the reservoirs of cells for a lifetime of renewal
Transit amplifying keratinocytes a lot to provide top layers

Question 11

Basement Membrane

Answer 11

Important for attachment between epidermal and dermis
Collagen, perlecan, nidogen, laminin
mutation in BM proteins= epidermolysis bullosa

Question 12

Rete Ridges function (BETWEEN DERMIS AND EPIDERMIS

Answer 12

Contour provides resistance to shear forces

Question 13

Pigmentation

Answer 13

Melanocytes reside in the BM on the epidermal side

Question 14

Describe Melanocytes

Answer 14

Make melanosomes which contain melanin
melanosome are transferred to ketinocytes
Keratinocyte= 36

Question 15

Melanin’s structure

Answer 15

Nuclear cap protects keratinocyte DNA
Pheomelanin- yellow-red
Eumelanin is brown- black

Question 16

What cells within the Epidermis protect the cell

Answer 16

Langerhans cells protect against foreign organisms

Question 17

Dermis Layers

Answer 17

Papillary dermis

Recticular dermis

Question 18

Papillary dermis

Answer 18

high cell density, loose CT

Question 19

Reticular dermis

Answer 19

low cell density dense CT

Question 20

Dermis nutrients

Answer 20

supply the nutrients and remove waSte for both dermis and epidermis

Question 21

What are the type of wound healing stages

Answer 21

Superficial
partial thickness
full thickness

Question 22

Superficial wounds

Answer 22

Damage to the epidermis
healing: migration of keratinocyte from edges and dermal appendages

once keratinocytes are together stratification can reform epidermis

Question 23

What are dermal appendages

Answer 23

sweat gland, Hair follicles, sebaceous glands

Question 24

Partial thickness wound

Answer 24

All epidemis and some dermis is destroyed

Question 25

Partial thickness phases of healing

Answer 25

``` FOurs stages inflammatory migratory proliferation (multiplication) maturation ```

Question 26

Full thickness wounds

Answer 26

All epi and dermis is destroyed | hypodermis can be destroyed exposing bone and muscles

Question 27

Describe wound healing for full thickness

Answer 27

very difficult as all epidermal stem cells have been destroyed Heals as scar tissue Intervention is needed

Question 28

Describe skin graft in full thickness

Answer 28

Split thickness skin graft covers wound | - includes all of the epidermis and part of the dermis