Cell structure and function

Question 1

What is the classified as cytoplasm within the cell?

Answer 1

Everything within the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus

Question 2

State the organs within the endomembrane system

Answer 2

Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes

Question 3

Which organs are not within the endomembrane system

Answer 3

Mitochondria/ RIbosomes

Question 4

Function of the Plasma Membrane

Answer 4

Selectively permeable barrier controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell

Question 5

Describe the structures of the Plasma membrane

Answer 5

Hydrophillic polar heads (phosphate)
Hydrophobic lipid tails (fatty acids)
Arranged in a double layer
Has plasma proteins

Question 6

Describe the function of the Plasma Membrane Proteins

Answer 6

Mediate the movement of hydrophobic regions

allow cell to cell identification and intercellular communication

Question 7

next

Answer 7

next

Question 8

Describe some of the 6 jobs of the plasma membrane proteins

Answer 8

Transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction

Cell to cell regonition, Intercellular joining, attachment to the cytoskeleton and ECM

Question 9

What does the nucleus do

Answer 9

Stores DNA. makes RNA and ribosomes

Pores regulate movement of substances (proteins and mRNA in and out)

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

a DNA segment that contributes to phenotype/ function

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

comprises many genes

Question 12

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 12

DNA is wrapped around 8 histones to form nucleosomes which are collectively known as chromatin

Question 13

What does coiling determine in a nucleus

Answer 13

accessibility

Question 14

Ribosomes structure

Answer 14

Two subunites : small and large ribosomal RNA (Rrna) in a complex with many proteins

Question 15

WHat does the nucleous do?

Answer 15

rRna production, assembly of small and large subunits of ribosomes

Question 16

Function and location of Ribosomes within the cell

Answer 16

Protein production (translation) found attached to the RER and free in the cytoplasm

Question 17

What is the ER structure

Answer 17

Extensive network of tubes and tubules stretching from the nuclear membrane

Question 18

RER function

Answer 18

Production of: 
Secrete proteins
Membrane proteins
Organelle Proteins
Transport vesicle destined for the Golgi

Question 19

Smooth ER

Answer 19

Lacks ribosomes- does not make proteins
Housing unit for proteins and enzymes
Very cell/tissue specific

Question 20

Golgi aparatus function

Answer 20

modify, sort, package and transport proteins received from the rough ER using enzymes in each cisternae

Question 21

What does the Golgi form

Answer 21

secretory vesicles
Membrane vesicles
Transport vesicles

Question 22

FUnction of Lysosomes

Answer 22

Powerful digestive enzymes
Digestion of substances that enter the cell
Cell components eg oragnelles- autophagy
Entire cells- autolysis

Question 23

Structures within the Mitochondria

Answer 23

Inner mitchondral membrane
Fluid within the interior cavity- matrix
Outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 24

Function of the Mitochondria

Answer 24

Generation of ATP through cellular respiration

Question 25

Function of cytoskeletons

Answer 25

Structural support of the cell

Question 26

Types of cytoskeleton

Answer 26

Smallest to largest. Microfilaments/ Intermediate filaments

Microtubules

Question 27

Describe Microfilaments

Answer 27

comprised of actin and are dynamic

Question 28

Describe Intermediate filaments

Answer 28

Keratin found in filament. Most permanent

Question 29

Describe Microtubles

Answer 29

Comprised of tubulin and are dynamic

Support the movement of cilia and flagella