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Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

All fungal cell walls have ____ and cell membranes have ______ except _____

A

Chitin
Ergosterol
Pneumocystis

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2
Q

Types of fungi with examples

A
  1. Yeast- Cryptococcus
  2. Yeast like- Candida, Malassezia
  3. Mold- Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Absidia
  4. Dimorphic- In cold, culture (22-25C)- mold form
    In heat, HPE, KOH (37 C)- yeast form
    Eg- HSBC PPT
    Histoplasma
    Sporotrichosis
    Blastomyces
    Coccidiomyces
    Paracoccidiomyces
    Penicillium/Talaromyces
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3
Q

Culture media for fungi

A

Sabaraud dextrose agar

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4
Q

Culture microscopy is done with ____ stain

A

Lactophenol cotton blue stain

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5
Q

Investigation for Invasive aspergillosis

A

B Glucan test
Galactomannan test

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6
Q

Superficial mycosis example

A

Tinea versicolor
Tinea nigra
Piedra

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7
Q

Tinea versicolor
1. caused by
2. Clinical features
3. Characteristic wet mount appearance
4. Culture characteristics
5. Treatment

A
  1. Malassezia furfur
  2. Hypopigmented lesions
  3. On 10% KOH, spaghetti and meatball (bananas and grapes) app
  4. On SDA + olive oil- Fried egg colonies
  5. 10% sulfur ointment, 1-2% Imidazole cream
    Systemic- Fluconazole, Itraconazole
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8
Q

Tinea nigra
1. CF
2. Tx
3. Caused by

A
  1. Brown patches on palms and soles
  2. Topical imidazole
  3. Hortaea werneckii
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9
Q

Piedra
Causes and treatment

A

White- Trichosporon beigellii
Black- Trichosporon hortae

Tx; topical Imidazole after cut/ shave of hair

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10
Q

Dermatophytosis examples

A

Trichosporon
Microphyton
Epidermophyton

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11
Q

Shapes of Macroconidia

A

Trichophyton- Pencil
Microsporon- Spindle
Epidermophyton- Club shaped

Epidermophyton may or may not have microconidia

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12
Q

Treatment for dermatophytosis

A

Topical azoles- Itraconazole, Terbinafine
For T. capitis- Griseofulvin

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13
Q

Hair perforation test

A

Incubate hair + yeast + fungus for 2-3 weeks
Done for T. rubrum, T. mentagro
T. mentagro shows hair shaft erosion

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14
Q

Examples of subcutaneous mycosis

A
  1. Mycetoma
  2. Chromoblastomycosis
  3. Rhinosporidiosis
  4. Sporotrichosis
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15
Q

Mycetoma
1. Caused by
2. CF
3. Tx
4. Similar to?

A
  1. Madurella mycetomatis
  2. Multiple d/c sinuses
  3. Amputation
  4. Actinomycetoma (bacterial)
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16
Q

Actinomycetoma is caused by

A

Actinomadura madurae
Actinomadura pelletieri

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17
Q

Color of granules in actinomycetoma

A

Actinomadura madurae- yellow granules
Actinomadura pelletieri- red granules

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18
Q

Arrangement of conidia in sporotrichosis

A

Rosette of conidia

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19
Q

Inclusion body seen in sporotrichosis

A

Asteroid bodies with cigar bodies in centre

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20
Q

Chromoblastomycosis inclusion bodies

A

Copper penny bodies/ Medlar bodies/ Sclerotic bodies/ Muriform bodies

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21
Q

How does one acquire chromoblastomycosis?

A

walking barefoot–> traumatic implantation

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22
Q

Organisms implicated in chromoblastomycosis

A

Fousaceae pedrosi, F. compacta, Exophiala, Phialophora, Caldophia lophora

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23
Q

Treatment of Chromoblastomycosis

A

WLE
Amphotericin B
5-Fluorocytosine
Voriconazole

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24
Q

Draining sinuses seen in

A
  1. Eumycetoma- black granules
  2. Actinomyces- yellow granules
  3. Botryomycosis- S. aureus
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25
Intracellular vs extracellular asteroid body
Intracellular asteroid body seen in Sarcoidosis inside giant cells Extracellular asteroid body in Sporothrix
26
1. Darling disease 2. Chicago disease 3. Valley fever 4. Missisippi disease 5. Desert rheumatism 6. South American blastomycosis 7. Ohio disease 8. California disease 9. Gilchrist d/s 10. Cave disease 11. Reticuloendotheliosis
1. Histoplasmosis 2. Blastomycosis 3. Coccidiomycosis 4. Histoplasmosis 5. Coccidiomycosis 6. Paracoccidiomycosis 7. Histoplasmosis 8. Coccidiomycosis 9. Blastomycosis 10. Histoplasmosis 11. Histoplasmosis
27
Histoplasmosis 1. Reservoir 2. Symptoms resembles 3. Is there any person to person transmission? 4. Organism resides in? 5. Macroconidia shape
1. Bats/ Bird shit 2. TB 3. No 4. Macrophages in yeast form 5. Tuberculate
28
Blastomycosis 1. Appearance of organism
1. Broad based budding, figure of 8 app
29
Coccidiomycosis CF
Joint involvement
30
Appearance of paracoccidiomycosis
Mickey mouse/ pilot wheel/ Mariner wheel
31
Barrel shaped arthrospores seen in
Coccidiomycosis Microscopy: Splenules with endospores
32
Broom brush appearance on LPCB
Penicillium/ Talaromyces
33
Reservoir of Penicillium
Bamboo rats
34
On SDA, Penicillium app
Red pigment
35
Treatment of Dimorphic fungi
Mild: Fluconazole/ Itraconazole Disseminated: Amphotericin B f/b Itraconazole
36
Types of Cryptococcus
1. Cryptococcus gattii 2. C. neoformans
37
Cryptococcus gattii vs neoformans
Gattii- in Immunocompetent and deficient people, around Eucalyptus tree, in subtropical/ tropical areas Requires prolonged treatment Neoformans- in immunodeficient, all around world, in pigeon droppings. Good response to antifungals
38
Culture media used for cryptococcus
Bird seed agar/ niger seed agar
39
Most sensitive/ confirmatory test for Cryptococcus
Latex agglutination test
40
Treatment for cryptococcus
Liposomal Amphotericin B with Flucytosine
41
Branching pattern of Aspergillus vs mucor
Aspergillus: Septate, at a/c angles, dichotomous branching Mucor: Aseptate, rt angle branching, broad based
42
Lid lifters of culture plate
Mucor
43
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is what kind of Hypersensitivity?
1 and 3
44
Types of Aspergillus
A. fumigatus A. niger A. flavus
45
Aspergillus fumigatus
1. Smoky green culture 2. Conidia only in upper part of vesicle 3. Produces aflatoxin- contaminates peanut-- mutation of p53 at codon 249 and causes HCC
46
Aspergillus flavus
1. Yellow green culture 2. Conidia all around
47
Aspergillus niger
1. Black culture and conidia
48
Treatment of Aspergillus
Surgery Voriconazole
49
Mucor present as ___ fungus with ____ branches
black ribbon like
50
Reynauld Braude phenomenon
Germ tube test
51
Treatment of Mucor
Surgery, Amphotericin B
52
Corn meal agar of Candida shows
Chlamydiospores with double wall
53
On SDA, Candida shows
Creamy, pasty, yeasty culture
54
Candida on Chrome agar
To differentiate different species
55
PAP smear appearance of Candida
Sheesh Kabab appearance
56
Differentiating feature between Candida albicans vs dubliniensis
Growth above 45 C and hypertonic saline is possible for albicans
57
Treatment for Candida
Thrush, vulvovaginal candidiasis: topical Nystatin Severe: Fluconazole, nystatin Deep candidiasis: Lipophillic Ampho B, Azoles
58
Pneumocystis jirovecii/ carinii 1. forms present 2. A/w 3. Characteristics of pneumonia 4. Treatment
1. Cysts, trophozoites 2. HIV 3. B/L ground glass opacities and cysts 4. TMP-SMX, Cotrimoxazole Severe: Pentamidine Prophylaxis: TMP-SMX
59
BAL aspirate staining of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Gomori methamine silver stain used Shows sickle shaped/ crushed ping pong ball appearance Plasma cells also + so it is called plasma cell pneumonia
60
TMP-SMX is used in
Nocardia Pneumocystis
61
Galactomannan test and Beta Glucan test is negative for
Mucorales (Mucor)
62
Beta Glucan test is done for most fungus but negative for
'BMC' Blastomyces Mucor Cryptococcus

Microbiology (19 decks)

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