Nature and variety of living organisms

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

all of organisms have
made up of organelles

Question 2

What is an eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

contain a nucleus

Question 3

What defines an animal?

Answer 3

multicellular, do not photosynthesize, no cell walls, and store their carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 4

What defines plants?

Answer 4

multicellular, cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, contain cell walls and store carbohydrates as starch

Question 5

What defines fungi?

Answer 5

no chloroplasts, no photosynthesis, feed via saprotrophic nutrition, composed of mycelium which consists of many hyphae , can be multi and unicellular, contain cell walls and plasmids

Question 6

What defines protoctists?

Answer 6

microscopic, single celled organisms

Question 7

What defines a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 7

a cell found under bacteria kingdom that does not contain a nucleus

Question 8

What defines a bacteria?

Answer 8

single celled, prokaryotic organisms(no nucleus), contains a cell wall and plasmids

Question 9

What defines a virus?

Answer 9

a non-living organism that can only reproduce in host cells (parasitic)
no cells
protein coat and nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

Question 10

What does unicellular mean?

Answer 10

an organism made up of single cell

Question 11

What are amoeba?

Answer 11

protoctists that live in pond water and resemble animal cells with chloroplasts

Question 12

What is a chlorella?

Answer 12

a protoctist that has features similar to plant cells e.g. chloroplasts

Question 13

What is a chloroplast?

Answer 13

site of photosynthesis

Question 14

What is DNA?

Answer 14

a double stranded molecule made of nucleotides, wound in a double helix shape, carrying genetic code

Question 15

What is hyphae?

Answer 15

long filaments of a fungus that contain many nuclei

Question 16

What is lactobacillus bulgaricus?

Answer 16

a rod-shaped bacteria, used to produce yoghurt from milk

Question 17

What characteristics defines an organism as living?

Answer 17

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Homeostasis
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 18

What is mucor?

Answer 18

a multicellular fungus that has many hyphae

Question 19

What does multicellular mean?

Answer 19

organism made of more than one cell

Question 20

What is mycelium?

Answer 20

thread-like hyphae in fungus

Question 21

What are pathogens?

Answer 21

microorganisms
cause disease to its host

Question 22

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 22

energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light to produce glucose

Question 23

What are plasmids?

Answer 23

loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

Question 24

What is plasmodium?

Answer 24

pathogenic protoctista cause malaria

Question 25

What is pneumococcus?

Answer 25

spherical, pathogenic that causes pneumonia

Question 26

What is saprotrophic nutrition?

Answer 26

the mode of extracellular nutrition in which digestive enzymes are secreted onto the food outside the cell and the products of digestion are absorbed

Question 27

What is yeast?

Answer 27

a single celled fungus

Question 28

What is tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?

Answer 28

a plant pathogen which produces a mosaic pattern on leaves, infecting chloroplasts and limiting plant growth

Question 29

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 29

a double stranded molecule made of nucleotides
double helix shape

Question 30

What does DNA carry?

Answer 30

genetic code