Neoplasia Lecture Review

Question 1

Any abnormal growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive

Answer 1

neoplasia

Question 2

True or False. A neoplasm is synonymous with a tumor

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False. A neoplasm is synonymous with “cancer”

Answer 3

False.
(Remember neoplasia may be benign as well.)

Question 4

Neoplasia that is slow growing, usually harmless, non-aggressive, non-invasive

Answer 4

benign

Question 5

Neoplasia that has the ability to spread and metastasize to remote sites in the body

Answer 5

malignant

Question 6

the multifactoral process by which normal cells are transformed into tumor cells (the process of tumor formation)

Answer 6

Carcinogenesis

Question 7

physical agents that cause carcinogenesis
Ex: virus, chemical, UV

Answer 7

Carcinogens

Question 8

normal body tissue that acts a framework and grows blood vessels which nourish the tumor

Answer 8

the stroma

Question 9

Most tumor cells are ______________, resulting from the progeny of a single cell line

Answer 9

monoclonal

Question 10

Tumors have a loss of _____________________________________, meaning tumor cells just continue to divide, no matter how crowded the conditions become!

Answer 10

contact inhibition

Question 11

Neoplastic cells appear differently than normal cells microscopically. Describe how they appear

Answer 11

monoclonal
multiple nucleoli
small cytoplasm
multiple mitotic figures

Question 12

the process by which cancer cells spread from a primary tumor to secondary locations, such as lung, lymph nodes or visceral sites

Answer 12

metastasis

Question 13

True or False. Benign tumors are incapable of causing disease.

Answer 13

False.
Remember, disease is any deviation from normal. Benign tumors CAN impede normal function of tissue through their physical presence.

Question 14

Tumors are composed of two types of tissue:

Answer 14

1. parenchyma (the functional tissues of the organ)
2. stroma (supporting structures of lymph, blood vessels, connective tissue)

Question 15

tumors that arise from epithelial tissue

Answer 15

carcinoma

Question 16

tumors that arise from mesenchymal tissue

Answer 16

sarcoma

Question 17

types of mesenchymal tissue found in the body

Answer 17

Cartilage
Connective tissue
Bone

Question 18

types of epithelial tissue found in the body

Answer 18

Skin
Mucous membranes
Glandular structures/organs (liver, kidney)

Question 19

True or False. “-oma” typically refers to a benign tumor

Answer 19

True.
Exceptions-lymphoma, insulinoma, melanoma

Question 20

True or False. “-sarcoma” and “-carcinoma” refer to malignant tumors

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False. Malignancy cannot be determined by the gross appearance

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Pathologists use features of the neoplastic cells to further classify a tumor. A “low grade” tumor will have the following characteristics:

Answer 22

Well-differentiated (normal cellular architecture)
Few mitotic figures
Minimal invasion of surrounding normal tissue

Question 23

Pathologists use features of the neoplastic cells to further classify a tumor. A “high grade” tumor will have the following characteristics:

Answer 23

Undifferentiated (abnormal cellular architecture)
Numerous mitotic figures (indicate rapid division)
Aggressive invasion of surrounding normal tissue

Question 24

Used to provide information regarding the prognosis of the disease and the success of treatment

Answer 24

TNM Classification System

Question 25

TNM Classification System stands for

Answer 25

T: the extent of the primary tumor N: the involvement of the regional lymph nodes M: the extent of metastatic involvement

Question 26

Syndrome characterized by muscle wasting and weight loss; Caused by physical presence of the tumor and/or by the secondary problems of nausea, vomiting, anorexia that may accompany the cancer (or its treatment)

Answer 26

Cancer cachexia

Question 27

Caused by hormones or other substances synthesized by the tumor which circulate and affect multiple organ systems or tissues

Answer 27

Paraneoplastic Syndrome

Question 28

the most conspicuous feature of cancer

Answer 28

Unregulated Cellular proliferation (growth) ; loss of contact inhibition

Question 29

What is the basic staging process for a tumor

Answer 29

FNA is the first diagnostic step. If cytology indicates, the following will be recommended: Biopsy Lab work Thoracic and Abdominal radiographs abdominal ultrasound

Question 30

The treatment plan for a pet with cancer may include

Answer 30

Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy (one modality or multiple modalities may be selected, based on the individual case)

Question 31

Treatment of choice for localized neoplasia

Answer 31

surgery OR radiation (only if location allows)

Question 32

cancer treatment that uses ionizing radiation; Causes cell death by destroying DNA

Answer 32

radiation therapy

Question 33

side effects of radiation therapy

Answer 33

1. Acute phase: develop during the course of RT, usually after several dosages Damage to cells within the treatment area (skin, oral mucosal ulceration) 2. Late phase: develop months to years after RT Permanent changes (necrosis, fibrosis of normal tissues)

Question 34

The treatment of cancer with chemical agents (PO, IM, IV); Supplies antitumor therapy to the whole body:

Answer 34

chemotherapy

Question 35

cancer treatment most likely to recommended in systemic disease/metastatic disease

Answer 35

chemotherapy

Question 36

very common toxicity associated with chemotherapy treatment

Answer 36

bone marrow suppression (immunosuppression)

Question 37

toxicities associated with chemotherapy treatment

Answer 37

immunosuppression GI toxicity hypersensitivity local tissue necrosis