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VETT 1110 Veterinary Diseases and Pathology > Integumentary Lecture Review > Flashcards

Integumentary Lecture Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the skin?

A

the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

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2
Q

Name a few common ectoparasites.

A

Fleas, Ear Mites, Ticks, Mange, Lice, Warbles, Myiasis

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3
Q

What is the etiology of a flea infestation?

A

Ctenocephalides spp.

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4
Q

What canine parasite is the flea an intermediate host for?

A

Dipylidium canium

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5
Q

What are clinical signs of a flea infestation?

A

Dermatitis: may be diffuse or localized over the tailhead
Pruritus
Erythema

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6
Q

What is the treatment for fleas?

A

Treat secondary skin infection (antibiotics, shampoos); deworm with Praziquantel, start prevention and TREAT THE ENVIRONMENT

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7
Q

What are ticks?

A

Blood-sucking arthropods
Divided into hard ticks: Ixodiae and soft ticks: Argasidae

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8
Q

What are three of the most common ticks?

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus: the brown dog tick
Dermacentor variabilis: the American dog tick
Amblyomma spp.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for ticks?

A

Removal; Prevention; Treat any secondary diseases tick was vector for

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10
Q

What causes tick paralysis?

A

12 species of Ixodes ticks contain a neurotoxin in their saliva that can cause an ascending flaccid paralysis of dogs

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11
Q

What is mange and what are the 3 main varieties in dogs and cats?

A

skin condition that occurs due to mites living on or in the skin, causing irritation and inflammation; Demodectic, Sarcoptic and Notoedric

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12
Q

What is the common and etiology names of Demodectic Mange?

A

“Red Mange”, “Hereditary Mange”, “Demodicosis”
Etiology: Demodex canis

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13
Q

How do we diagnose Demodectic mange?

A

Skin Scrape

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14
Q

What are the treatments for localized vs generalize Demodectic mange?

A

Localized:
Rotenone applied daily to lesions
Generalized:
Nexgard, Bravecto
ProHeart 6 injection (off-label)
Interceptor
Advantage multi (off-label)
Ivermectin

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15
Q

Does the heartworm status of a dog influence what treatment to use for Demodectic mange?

A

Yes, some treatments can be harmful if the dog is heartworm positive

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16
Q

What are a few key things to relay to owners about Demodectic mange (demodicosis)?

A

-Demodex is not contagious to people or other animals
-Treatment does not completely remove the mites from the skin; it is designed to reduce the numbers of mites, thereby reducing the clinical disease
-Recommend OHE/Castration
-Breeders: do not use previously infected dogs as breeding stock
-Treatment may be months, years or life-long

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17
Q

What is the etiology of Sarcoptic mange?

A

Sarcoptes scabei

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18
Q

Is mange zoonotic?

A

Yes and no. Demodectic is not but Sarcoptic is!

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19
Q

How do we diagnosis Sarcoptic mange?

A

Pinnae-pedal reflex
Skin Scrape - DEEP and multiple

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20
Q

What are possible treatments for Sarcoptic mange?

A

Bravecto: single dose
Nexgard: effective and safe treatments for canine sarcoptic mange (scabies) when administered twice, one month apart
Topical: Revolution
Ivermectin: PO, SQ
Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections

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21
Q

What is the etiology for rare mange in cats?

A

Notodectres cati

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22
Q

How is cat mange diagnosed and treated?

A

Skin Scrape; lime sulfur dip, Revolution, treat secondary bacterial infections

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23
Q

Is mange in cats contagious?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What are warbles?

A

Cuterbra fly larvae

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25
How are cuterebra (warbles) treated?
Remove the larva (INTACT) by carefully by incising the skin and pulling it out with a hemostat then flush wound and treat secondary bacterial infection
26
What is myiasis?
Infestation of maggots
27
What is pediculosis and what is the etiology of this?
Lice and Linognathus setosus
28
Do clients need to worry about lice getting on them?
No, they are host specific
29
What is the treatment for lice?
Nexgard, Bravecto Oral ivermectin Bathe pet with an insecticidal shampoo (or dust/spray) Wash bedding, disinfect grooming tools
30
What is the common name for dermatomycoses?
Fungal Infections; Ringworm being most common
31
What are some of the etiologies of dermatomycoses?
Mycosporum canis (most common) Mycosporum gypseum Trichophyton mentagrophytes
32
What are the main diagnostic tools for potential fungal infections?
Wood’s Lamp Only 50% of M.canis organisms will fluoresce Idexx RealPCR Panel (1-3 days) DTM Culture: Gold Standard (takes 7-21 days)
33
What are the treatments for fungal infections? What should you do before and after oral antifungals if this option is chosen?
-Localized lesions: Topical antifungals BID for 2-3 weeks, Lime Sulfur Dip -Generalized lesions: Antifungal shampoos 1-2/week until cultures are negative (4-16 weeks), Lime Sulfur Dip -Laboratory data for liver values pre/post tx if using oral antifungals
34
What are a few pieces of information to tell clients about fungal infections?
-Fungal spores may live in environment for up to 24 months!! -Vacuum, wash bedding (bleach), clean hard surfaces (bleach) -ZOONOTIC!!!! -Cats are carriers
35
What is pyoderma and what are 3 common etiologies of it?
This refers to a bacterial infection of the skin. The infection may be superficial or deep. Moisture, Allergies, and Bacteria
36
What is a common name for acute moist dematits?
Hot Spot
37
What are topical anti-itch/antibiotics?
-Gentacalm -Medicated Wipes -Cortisone
38
What are systemic anti-itch/antibiotics?
-Prednisone -Antihistamines -Apoquel/cytopoint -Antibiotics
39
What are the four C's?
Clip Clean Cover
40
Can acne in cat be cure?
No only controlled
41
What are some treatments and client education points for skinfold pyoderma?
-Clip, clean -Dry the area -Topical antibiotics (wipes are very user friendly) -Recommend daily cleansing of folds -Recommend weight loss if indicated -Recommend grooming for long-haired pets
42
What is Insect Hypersensitivity in horses?
an allergic reaction occurring after the bite of an insect, typically seen in young equids in the summer months
43
What is the etiology of Insect Hypersensivtity?
Culicoides (biting gnats)
44
What are the two species if lice in equines and the treatments?
-Haematopinus asini, the horse sucking louse, and Damalinia equi, the horse biting louse. -Pyrethrin-containing shampoos
45
What are the main etiologic agent of equine sacroids and what is the recommended treatment?
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV), primarily types 1 and 2; Surgical Excision with >0.5cm margins
46
What is the etiology of sweet itch in horses and what is the treatment?
The biting midges, “no-see-ums”. The most common biting midges are Culicoides spp and steroids
47
What is the etiology of puppy strangles and other deep pyodermas?
Staphylococcus intermedius
48
What is the treatment for deep pyroderma?
-Attempt to diagnosis underlying disease (Cushing's, Hypothyroidism, Demodex) -Antibacterial shampoos used 2/week for months Wipes, Sprays used BID for months -Systemic antibiotics may be indicated for >3months
49
What is EGC?
The term eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC) refers to a group of inflammatory skin problems in cats. ... The skin lesions are often highly pruritic (itchy) and can be exacerbated by the cat licking them
50
What is the treatment for a full anal gland?
Expression
51
What is the most common malignant soft tissue cancer in the cat?
Fibrosarcoma
52
What is a VAS in cats?
Feline Vaccination-related fibrosarcomas
53
What is the treatment for VAS?
RT and wide surgical excision is recognized as the treatment of choice Amputation of the limb may be required
54
What is a common name for Mast Cell Tumors?
The Great Pretenders
55
What is the best diagnostic tool for Mast Cell Tumors?
FNA which should pre-med with diphenhydramine (benadryl) and Famotidine prior to sampling
56
What is the treatment for MCT?
-Sx excision w/ local lymph node removal Palladia may be used to shrink pre-operatively Once a Mast Cell Tumor is Removed it should be submitted for grading (Grade I-III). This will determine the treatment protocol. -Chemotherapy (Palladia, Vincristine, Prednisone…. Should be tailored by DVM)
57
What are the grades of MCT?
-Grade I: Occur in the skin and are considered non-malignant. Although they may be large and difficult to remove, they do not spread to other areas of the body. Most mast cell tumors belong to Grade I. -Grade II: Found below the skin into the subcutaneous tissues. Their cells show some characteristics of malignancy and their response to treatment can be unpredictable. -Grade III: Originate in areas deep below the skin, are very aggressive, and require extensive treatment.
58
What are two common perianal tumors and what are the clinical signs?
-Adenomas, Adenocarcinomas -Lumps around the anus; often ulcerated, bleeding
59
How are Perianal tumors treated?
Surgical removal and chemotherapy as recommended per pet
60
What is the etiology and clinical signs of Dermatophilosis in carpine and ovine and how is it treated?
Dermatophilus congolensis, Matting of hair followed by alopecia, and antibiotics (Penicillin, Oxytetracycline)
61
What is Dermatophytosis in caprine and ovine?
Ringworm
62
How is Dermatophytosis treated in caprine and ovine?
Topical tx w/ iodine, antifungals
63
What are the etiology of the different lice for caprine and ovine? (Biting, sucking, and goat sucking)
-Sheep Biting Louse: Damalinia ovis, -3 species of sucking louse: Linognathus pedalis, L ovillus and L africanus.  -goat sucking louse: Linognathus stenopsis
64
When are lice most prevalent in caprine and ovine and what is the treatment?
Winter, Ivermectin

VETT 1110 Veterinary Diseases and Pathology (15 decks)

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