Inflammation and Healing Lecture Review

Question 1

Inflammation is part of the

_______________ Immune Response.

Answer 1

Non-specific

Question 2

The four cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 2

Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
(+/- Loss of function)

Question 3

Congestion of the tissue due to migration of fluid from vessels is called

Answer 3

exudation

Question 4

True or False. The process of inflammation, healing, and repair occur at the same time, or lead into one another

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False. Components of inflammation that are capable of destroying microbes can also injure bystander normal tissue

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Extravascular fluid high in protein/cells (RBCs, platelets) is called a(n)

Answer 6

exudate

Question 7

inflammation that involves an entire organ or tissue can be described as

Answer 7

diffuse

Question 8

Inflammation that involves all of the tissue within a particular zone can be described as

Answer 8

locally extensive

Question 9

a single area of inflammation can be described as

Answer 9

focal

Question 10

Many, scattered areas of inflammation
can be described as

Answer 10

multifocal

Question 11

What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

Answer 11

Acute
Inflammatory response occurs 4-6 hours following the stimulus and remains fairly constant in appearance. BENEFICIAL FOR HOST
Chronic
Existence of a persistent inflammatory stimulus. DELETERIOUS FOR HOST

Question 12

Type of exudate that is clear, watery, with low cell count

Answer 12

serous

Question 13

Type of exudate that is CLEAR/PINK/RED, thin and watery, contains serum and blood

Answer 13

Serosanguinous

Question 14

Type of exudate that is cloudy yellow/white or green fluid; contains many leukocytes (pus)

Answer 14

Purulent

Question 15

Type of exudate that contains many RBCs

Answer 15

Hemorrhagic

Question 16

Type of exudate that mucus

Answer 16

Catarrhal

Question 17

Localized collection of pus

Answer 17

Abscess

Question 18

Inflammation of cellular or connective tissue

Answer 18

Cellulitis

Question 19

Loss of a superficial layer of an organ or tissue w/ acute inflammation at the base of the lesion

Answer 19

Ulcer

Question 20

List the Possible Systemic Reactions to Inflammation

Answer 20

Fever
Elevated WBC count (Leukocytosis)
Bacteremia
Septicemia
Toxemia

Question 21

The presence of bacteria in the blood stream

Answer 21

Bacteremia

Question 22

The presence of bacteria and its toxins in the blood stream

Answer 22

Septicemia

Question 23

The presence of bacterial toxins within the blood stream (no bacteria)

Answer 23

Toxemia

Question 24

Both acute and chronic inflammation cause swelling. How does the swelling differ in each situation?

Answer 24

The chronic inflammatory response is characterized by an increase in the number of reactive cells (vs. an increase in fluid as seen in the acute response)

Question 25

a band of scar tissue that binds 2 parts of tissue that are not normally joined together.

Answer 25

adhesion

Question 26

a focal inflammatory lesion in which the tissue reaction primarily consists of chronic inflammatory cells.

Answer 26

Granuloma

Question 27

Vascular connective tissue that indicates a wound is healing properly

Answer 27

granulation tissue

Question 28

Choose one. Scar tissue implies a process of (regeneration/repair) because it takes up space where cells that belong in the tissue would normally be found

Answer 28

repair

Question 29

Can you list at least 5 Host Factors That Affect Wound Healing?

Answer 29

Age Malnutrition Health Corticosteroids Foreign material in wound Soil Particles Type of incision Contaminated tissue Bacterial toxins and inflammation Blood supply Movements

Question 30

a wound closed by approximation of wound margins or wounds created and closed in the operating room.

Answer 30

first intention

Question 31

spontaneous healing; describes a wound left open and allowed to close by epithelialization and contraction.

Answer 31

second intention

Question 32

used for heavily contaminated wounds that are too heavily contaminated for primary closure but appear clean and well vascularized after 4-5 days of open observation; Wound edges are approximated within 3-4 days and tensile strength develops as with primary closure.

Answer 32

third intention

Question 33

Red, raised and often pruritic scar that remains within the boundaries of original scar

Answer 33

hypertrophic scar

Question 34

large scar that extend beyond boundaries of original scar; more frequently occur in darkly-pigmented people

Answer 34

keloid scar

Question 35

Partial Thickness dermal wounds

Answer 35

Abrasions

Question 36

wounds that penetrate the dermis and deeper tissues

Answer 36

Lacerations

Question 37

A large section of skin is torn from the underlying tissue in a glove-like fashion

Answer 37

Degloving injury

Question 38

Typically appear as small punctures in the skin. There may be a large amount of dead space below the puncture

Answer 38

Bite wounds

Question 39

True or False. There is no reason to explore, lavage, debride, and/or allow bite wounds to drain.

Answer 39

False!! These wounds should be explored, lavaged, debrided, and allowed to drain

Question 40

A wound is considered infected when the bacterial count is greater than _______ organisms per gram of tissue

Answer 40

100,000

Question 41

When initially evaluating a patient with a soft tissue wound, the technician should FIRST:

Answer 41

check for any bleeding and apply pressure with a sterile gauze if needed

Question 42

When initially evaluating a patient with a soft tissue wound that is not actively bleeding, the technician should:

Answer 42

"Treat the patient, not the problem"... that means, making sure your patient is stable by checking the vitals before beginning wound care.

Question 43

What are the 4 Cs of Wound Care?

Answer 43

C…..Cover C……. Clip C…….. Clean C……… Copiously Lavage

Question 44

Describe in detail the 4 Cs of Wound Care

Answer 44

Cover the wound with a bandage or sterile lube Clip the fur around the wound Clean the area surrounding wound with an antiseptic scrub Copiously Lavage-- irrigate the wound using at least 500 ml to 1 Liter of sterile saline with 7-8psi