The Immune System Lecture Review Flashcards
Species resistance
Mechanical barriers
Chemical barriers
Fever
The inflammatory response
Lymphatic system
Interferon
Complement
Examples of nonspecific immunity
The genetic ability of a species to provide defense against certain pathogens
species resistance
The Body’s First Line Of Defense
Mechanical and Chemical barriers
Example of Mechanical barrier to prevent infection
skin
Example of chemical barriers to prevent infection
sebum, mucus, stomach acid, tears,urine
True or False. The respiratory system contains both mechanical and chemical barriers to infection
True.
Ciliated mucous membranes filter incoming impurities and mucus entraps foreign material.
Coughing: nonspecific reflex in response to irritation or stimuli of trachea or bronchi
Mucus is present also
Fever is part of the nonspecific immune response.
What are the advantages of fever?
Inhibit the replication of certain temperature-sensitive microbes
Increases the metabolism of certain cells
Increases phagocytosis
Reduction in iron available for bacteria
Fever is part of the nonspecific immune response.
What are the disadvantages of fever?
Increased heart rate
Dehydration
Increased caloric demand
Seizures
Regarding the nonspecific immune system, what is the body’s second line of defense?
the inflammatory response
The WBCs (typically neutrophils) will “gobble up” the foreign material in a process known as ______________.
phagocytosis
Four cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
A fifth sign sometimes occurs: loss of function
What is the lymphatic system?
Extracellular fluid flowing through lymph vessels and lymph nodes
Contain WBC to fight infection/inflammation (neutrophils and macrophages)
Regarding the nonspecific immune system, what is interferon?
Interferon refers to proteins that are produced in response to viruses, endotoxins and certain bacteria
Regarding the nonspecific immune system, what is complement?
Biochemical cascade of 20 proteins which help clear pathogens; Binds to invading cell walls, producing small holes in the membrane, which leads to rupture of the foreign cell
The body’s third line of defense is:
Specific Immunity
**conducted by lymphocytes (T cell and B cell lymphocytes)
Two types of lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and are responsible for the specific immune response. They are:
B cells
T cells
What is meant by nonspecific immunity?
Part of innate immune system (does not change over time)
Regarding the specific immune response, what roll do B cells play?
produce antibodies in response to specific antigenic stimulation
**called Humoral immunity
B-cell lymphocytes produce antibodies in response to specific antigenic stimulation. This is called
Humoral immunity
Regarding the specific immune response, what roll do T cells play?
T-cell lymphocytes interact more directly with the pathogen by combining with the foreign material and rendering it incapable of causing disease
** called cell mediated immunity
T-cell lymphocytes interact more directly with the pathogen by combining with the foreign material and rendering it incapable of causing disease. This is called
cell-mediated immunity
B-cells respond to ___________ in the body
antigen
B-cells that produce antibody are called
plasma cells
Some plasma cells remain as “memory cells”. What is their purpose?
Memory cells will recognize the antigen if it is ever presented again
