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From Flashcardlet > Neuro-Ophthalmology: 4. Classification and Management of Patients with Decreased Vision > Flashcards

Neuro-Ophthalmology: 4. Classification and Management of Patients with Decreased Vision Flashcards

0
Q

hemeralopia

A

term for day blindness

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1
Q

photophobia, hemeralopia

A

common symptoms in cone dystrophy

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2
Q

1, 2

A

decades in which cone dystrophies usually arise

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3
Q

loss of foveal reflex, granular macular pigmentation

A

early fundus features (two) in cone dystrophy

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4
Q

bulls-eye pattern of macular RPE depigmentation

A

late fundus feature in cone dystrophies

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5
Q

RPE clumping and depigmentation

A

early fundus sign of AMD

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6
Q

OCT

A

most useful test for establishing a diagnosis of cystoid macular edema

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7
Q

hyperopic shift

A

useful sign in diagnosing central serous chorioretinopathy that relates to the optical aberration introduced in the system

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8
Q

vitreoretinal traction

A

process behind macular hole formation

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9
Q

CRAO

A

diagnosis that should be considered in a patient with severe acute visual loss, RAPD, attenuation of retinal arterioles but otherwise normal appearance should raise the possibility of this diagnosis

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10
Q

RAPD

A

in a case of CRVO, the presence of this diagnostic feature points to likely ischemic categorization even before FA

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11
Q

orbital mass

A

what cause of secondary CRVO should be ruled out in a patient who presents with a RAPD

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12
Q

women under 30

A

demographic of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome

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13
Q

photopsias

A

positive symptom seen in MEWDS and AZOOR

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14
Q

enlarged blind spot, cecocentral scotoma, diffuse depression

A

three types of visual field defects in MEWDS

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15
Q

depressed a-waves

A

ERG finding in MEWDS

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16
Q

acute zonal occult outer retinopathy

A

condition seen in young women characterized by acute loss of peripheral vision and development of peripheral chorioretinal atrophy and pigment clumping

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17
Q

small cell carcinoma of the lung

A

type of cancer most often implicated in cancer-associated retinopathy

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18
Q

recoverin

A

calcium-binding photoreceptor protein, originally identified as the CAR antigen, that is targeted by autoantibodies in cancer-associated retinopathy

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19
Q

poor

A

prognosis for vision in CAR

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20
Q

rods

A

melanoma-associated retinopathy predominantly affects…

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21
Q

AIBSE, MEWDS

A

two retinal disorders that are easily confused with optic neuropathies for the presence of particular scotomas and the occasional presence of an RAPD

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22
Q

1 kg

A

cumulative dose above which hydroxychloroquine retinopathy becomes a major risk

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23
Q

automated white 10-2 threshold perimetry

A

in addition to DFE, this test is mandated within the first year and then annually after five years of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine

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24
Q

spectral domain OCT, multifocal ERG, FAF

A

one of these three test must be ordered in screening patients with (hydroxy)chloroquine retinopathy

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25
Q

multifocal

A

type of ERG that should be ordered in a patient with suspected cone dystrophy

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26
Q

constant photopsias

A

major positive symptom in CAR

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27
Q

both

A

CAR involves degeneration of rods, cones, or both

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28
Q

true

A

TRUE or FALSE: Treatment of the underlying tumor has no proven effect in ameliorating CAR

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29
Q

steroids, plasmapheresis, IVIG

A

three treatments that may be tried in CAR

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30
Q

full-field ERG

A

this test should be ordered to help confirm MAR

31
Q

rod bipolar cells

A

this cell is the primary target in the extremely rare MAR

32
Q

temporal wedge

A

visual field pattern produced by damage to nasal radiating fibers from the nerve

33
Q

superior, inferior

A

in which quadrants of the disc does papilledema start

34
Q

temporal

A

in which quadrant of the disc does papilledema last manifest

35
Q

hyperemia, NFL opacification, telangiectasias, flame hemorrhages

A

four features that help distinguish true papilledema from pseudopapilledema

36
Q

vitreopapillary traction, hypotony

A

mechanical causes of disc swelling other than increased ICP

37
Q

NFL gliosis, optociliary shunt vessels, refractile bodies

A

three findings in chronic papilledema

38
Q

nasal field loss, arcuate scotoma, generalized peripheral depression

A

three common field patterns in chronic papilledema

39
Q

90%

A

percentage of patients with pseudotumor cerebri who are female as well as the percentage who are obese

40
Q

pulsatile tinnitus

A

very nonspecific auditory symptom in pseudotumor cerebri (seen in people who wait in hospital waiting rooms!!)

41
Q

false

A

TRUE or FALSE: certain hormonal abnormalities have been definitively associated with pseudotumor cerebri

42
Q

globe flattening, enlarged optic nerve sheaths, partially empty sella, narrowing of the distal transverse sinus

A

five classic MRI findings in pseudotumor cerebri

43
Q

steroid withdrawal

A

corticosteroids are a controversial treatment for pseudotumor cerebri since this has been linked to the illness

44
Q

fulminant pseudotumor cerebri

A

main indication for IV steroid in papilledema

45
Q

appetite suppression

A

additional benefit of topiramate in treating pseudotumor cerebri

46
Q

1-2%

A

approximate risk of ONSF to cause severe vision loss due to CRAO, CRVO, or optic nerve injury

47
Q

50%

A

approximate percentage of patients who get a shunt who will require revision

48
Q

III, IV, VI, VII, IX, XII

A

IIH in prepubertal children has been associated with these cranial neuropathies

49
Q

painless

A

AION: painless or painful

50
Q

hours to days

A

AION: vision loss over seconds to minutes or hours to days

51
Q

elevated ESR without systemic symptoms, systemic symptoms without elevated ESR

A

two types of occult GCA

52
Q

CWS away from the disc

A

DFE finding that indicates involvement of the retinal vasculature in AAION

53
Q

ASA

A

adjunctive treatment that is often initiated in AAION

54
Q

95%

A

incidence of fellow eye involvement in GCA without therapy

55
Q

7%

A

risk of recurrence or fellow eye involvement in GCA from rapid taper of steroids

56
Q

70

A

mean age in AAION

57
Q

60

A

mean age in NAION

58
Q

static, progression

A

two subtypes of NAION based on clinical course

59
Q

15%

A

5-year risk of fellow-eye involvement in NAION

60
Q

60%

A

in AAION, VA is worse than 20/200 in X percentage of patients; in NAION, VA is better than 20/200 in X percentage of patients

61
Q

6-8 weeks

A

edema should resolve and atrophy supervene by this many weeks after initial insult in NAION

62
Q

OSA, nocturnal hypotension, sildenafil use

A

possible modifiable risk factors for NAION in addition to cardiovascular ones

63
Q

95%

A

percentage of cases of NAION in which the ON appears normal in contrast-enhanced MRI

64
Q

10%

A

percentage of cases of optic neuritis in which the ON appears normal in contrast-enhanced MRI

65
Q

retinal hemorrhage

A

DFE finding common in NAION that is unusual in optic neuritis

66
Q

31%

A

this percentage of NAION patients reported improvement of 3 lines or more after two years

67
Q

6.4%

A

percentage of patients with recurrent episodes of vision loss in NAION

68
Q

steroids

A

controversial therapy that may benefit NAION patients with acuity worse than 20/70

69
Q

papillitis

A

a finding more common in postviral and infectious neuritis than demyelinating optic neuritis

70
Q

papillomacular bundle

A

the finding of edema here is critical in differentiating neuroretinitis from optic neuritis

71
Q

telangiectasias

A

50% of patients with diabetic papillopathy exhibit this disc feature

72
Q

FA

A

very useful to distinguish between NVD and diabetic papillopathy

73
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

interestingly, this is often absent in patients with diabetic papillopathy

74
Q

severity of diabetic retinopathy

A

most important prognostic factor in diabetic papillopathy

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