Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > Neuro-Ophthalmology: Neoplastic Chiasmal Disorders > Flashcards

Neuro-Ophthalmology: Neoplastic Chiasmal Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

10 mm

A

pituitary tumor diameter that precedes supradiaphragmatic extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

diaphragma sella

A

structure immediately below the optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

inferonasal

A

fibers from this region of the retina are thought to contribute to the anterior knee of Wilbrand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

superonasal

A

fibers from this region of the retina are most at risk from a pituitary adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prefixed, central, postfixed

A

three chiasmal locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

80%

A

percentage of chiasms that are central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

infertility, amenorrhea, galactorrhea

A

triad of symptoms caused by prolactin-secreting adenomas in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gonadotropins

A

first hormone(s) to be lost in hypopituitarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GH

A

second hormone(s) to be lost in hypopiuitarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

headache

A

symptom that occurs as a pituitary adenoma impinges on the diaphragma sella but may stop after it breaks through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chromophobe

A

type of adenoma (histologic) that is most likely to cause visual field defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

basophil

A

type of adenoma (histologic) that is least likely to cause visual field defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dermatochalasis, tilted discs, optic nerve colobomas, nasal retinoschisis, nasal retinitis pigmentosa, functional visual loss

A

six nonchiasmal causes of bitemporal visual loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

color desaturation

A

early sign of chiasmal compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hypointense

A

pituitary adenoma on T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hyperintense

A

pituitary adenoma on T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heterogeneous enhancement

A

pituitary adenoma on T1 with gadolinium contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

enlargement or erosion of the sella

A

CT findings in pituitary adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

prolactin, FSH, LH, GH

A

routine endocrine studies in a patient suspected of having a pituitary adenoma (four)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bromocriptine, cabergoline

A

what two medical interventions for a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma may improve visual function in the space of hours?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy

A

usual surgical treatment for pituitary adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

1 to 4 months

A

period of most rapid improvement of visual field defects following trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hypopituitarism

A

craniopharyngioma presenting symptom in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

visual field defect

A

craniopharyngioma presenting symptom in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

isointense

A

appearance of solid components of craniopharyngioma on T1 MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hyperintense

A

appearance of cystic components of craniopharyngioma on T1 MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

radiotherapy

A

adjunctive treatment for pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, and meningiomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, tuberculum sellae

A

three locations for intracranial meningiomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

fullness in the temporal fossa

A

classical finding seen in sphenoidal ridge meningiomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

third ventricle

A

the chiasm forms the anterior border of this structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

tuberculum sellae

A

anterior portion of the sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dorsum sellae

A

posterior portion of the sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

prefixed

A

term for when the chiasm lies directly over the tuberculum sellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

postfixed

A

term for when the chiasm lies directly over the dorsum sellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

suprasellar cistern

A

term for space in which the chiasm resides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

posterior

A

relative location of macular fibers in the chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

melanopsin

A

ganglion cells that project to the suprachiasmatic and supraoptic nuclei express this protein (retinohypothalamic tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

asymmetric

A

characteristic pattern of visual acuity impairment in chiasmal disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

poor depth perception, diplopia

A

in addition to field abnormalities, patients with chasmal syndromes should be asked about these symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

hemifield slide phenomenon

A

cause of diplopia in chiasmal syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

sellar sarcoidosis, germinoma

A

two chiasmal disorders for which diabetes insipidus is characteristic

41
Q

30-50

A

70% of pituitary adenomas occur in this age group

42
Q

MEN I

A

multisystem disorder with pituitary adenomas

43
Q

true

A

TRUE or FALSE: diabetes insipidus is an unusual presenting system in pituitary adenoma

44
Q

70%

A

percentage of pituitary macroadenomas which affect vision that are nonfunctional

45
Q

true

A

TRUE or FALSE: visual acuity is not commonly affected by pituitary adenomas

46
Q

hemorrhage

A

T1 hyperintensity in pituitary adenomas usually represents this

47
Q

prognosis

A

importance of OCT in pituitary adenomas

48
Q

visual field loss

A

this parameter has no prognostic significance in visual recovery after pituitary adenoma resection

49
Q

sarcomatous transformation, meningioma

A

secondary tumors caused by external beam radiation of pituitary adenomas

50
Q

within weeks

A

when should a postop visual field be performed following a pituitary adenoma resection

51
Q

false

A

TRUE or FALSE: bromocriptine and octreotide play no role in the treatment of non-prolactinoma pituitary adenomas

52
Q

true

A

TRUE or FALSE: surgery less effective than medical management of prolactinomas

53
Q

ocular hypertension, proptosis

A

ocular effects of gigantism and acromegaly

54
Q

false

A

TRUE or FALSE: thyrotropinomas often result in Grave’s disease

55
Q

corticotropinoma

A

this pituitary adenoma predominates in women of childbearing age and is the least likely to cause visual symptoms

56
Q

gonadotropinoma

A

this pituitary ademona predominates in men over 40 and commonly causes visual symptoms

57
Q

CN III

A

cranial nerve (other than II) most commonly involved in pituitary macroadenomas and pituitary apoplexy

58
Q

headache, vomiting, double vision

A

name the three most common symptoms in pituitary apoplexy

59
Q

false

A

TRUE or FALSE: incidental microadenomas are an indication for ophthalmic exam

60
Q

adamantinomatous, squamous papillary

A

two histological types of craniopharyngioma

61
Q

adamantinomatous

A

adamantinomatous or squamous papillary: craniopharyngioma with “crank-case oil” cysts, calcification, younger age demographic, and tendency for recurrence

62
Q

squamous papillary

A

adamantinomatous or squamous papillary: older age, commonly without cysts, no calcification, uncommonly recur

63
Q

38%

A

incidence of hydrocephalus in craniopharyngioma

64
Q

severe chemical meningitis

A

result of fluid leakage or rupture of craniopharyngioma contents

65
Q

comitant or incomitant esotropia, seesaw nystagmus

A

motility changes in children associated with craniopharyngioma

66
Q

craniopharyngioma

A

pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma: diabetes insipidus

67
Q

craniopharyngioma, meningioma

A

CT recommended as an ancillary test to diagnose these entities

68
Q

false

A

TRUE or FALSE: most authorities agree that complete resection of craniopharyngiomas is almost always indicated

69
Q

complete resection

A

bias is towards this craniopharyngioma treatment strategy in children

70
Q

craniopharyngioma

A

pituitary adenoma vs craniopharyngioma: guarded outlook for visual recovery

71
Q

hypopituitarism

A

this tends to get worse after craniopharyngioma treatment

72
Q

Rathke’s cleft cyst

A

ID this tumor: simple cyst lined by cuboidal cells, present in adulthood, calcification rare, good prognosis for vision

73
Q

false

A

TRUE or FALSE: Rathke’s cleft cysts require complete drainage

74
Q

dorsum sellae

A

sellar component rarely involved by meningiomas

75
Q

meningiomas

A

these tumors express progesterone and sometimes estrogen receptors and are known to enlarge during pregnancy

76
Q

frontal

A

typical headache location in meningioma

77
Q

headache, vision loss

A

two most common symptoms of skull-base meningiomas

78
Q

personality changes, anosmia, seizures, hypopituitarism

A

uncommon symptoms/signs of skull-base meningiomas

79
Q

pterional, subfrontal

A

most popular neurosurgical approaches to skull-base meningiomas

80
Q

true

A

TRUE or FALSE: prognosis for visual prognosis after excision of skull-base meningiomas is good

81
Q

tuberculum sellae

A

identify the meningioma location: slowly progressive blindness on one side followed month later by temporal defects in the other eye; best prognosis for vision of skull-base meningiomas

82
Q

anterior clinoid

A

identify the meningioma location: most likely to cause Foster-Kennedy syndrome, commonly involves superior orbital fissure, poor prognosis for vision and high surgical morbidity and mortality given vascular associations

83
Q

diaphragma sella

A

identify the meningioma location: uncommon, often mimic pituitary adenomas, may encase the chiasm

84
Q

true

A

TRUE or FALSE: optic nerve glioma associated with cafe-au-lait spots are sufficient to diagnoses NF1

85
Q

true

A

TRUE or FALSE: optic pathway gliomas in NF1 tend to spare the chiasm

86
Q

yearly neuro-ophthalmic screening exams

A

mandated in all NF1 patients

87
Q

posterior

A

which tends to have higher morbidity and mortality, anterior or posterior chiasmal gliomas

88
Q

apoplectic cystic enlargement

A

cause for sudden vision loss in optic nerve or chiasmal glioma

89
Q

Russell’s diencephalic syndrome, precocious puberty

A

two most common manifestations of hypothalamic involvement in optic chiasm glioma

90
Q

posterior chiasmal

A

only optic pathway gliomas that routinely require biopsy due to inherent uncertainty in diagnosis

91
Q

chemotherapy

A

first-line therapy for optic pathway gliomas that require treatment

92
Q

malignant optic chiasmal glioma

A

this chiasmal tumor commonly mimics unilateral retrobulbar neuritis

93
Q

hypothalamic hamartoma

A

this tumor typically presents with precocious puberty due to release of LHRH but only rarely compresses the chiasm

94
Q

gangliogliomas

A

slow-growing tumors with mixed neuronal and glial elements that tend to arise in the cerebral hemispheres or spinal cord but may compress the chiasm or rarely even arise from the chiasm (they arise from neuronal cell bodies)

95
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

typical presenting symptom of suprasellar germ cell tumors

96
Q

diabetes insipidus, vision loss, hypopiuitarism

A

triad present in the majority of patients with suprasellar germ cell tumors

97
Q

second

A

typical decade in which suprasellar germ cell tumors present

98
Q

histologic subtype

A

main determinant of survival in suprasellar germ cell tumors

99
Q

subcutaneous fat

A

appearance of epidermoids and dermoids mimics that of this on MRI

From Flashcardlet (61 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions