Neuropathology 1 Flashcards Preview

Y3S1 NEURO > Neuropathology 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neuropathology 1 Deck (18)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what are the common primary tumours in brain metastasis

A
  • breast
  • melanoma
  • lung

kidneys, gut, lymphoma/leukaemia

2
Q

what are the effects of brain tumours

A

often none

becomes apparent as a space occupying lesion

  • fits
  • visual
  • drowsiness
  • behavioural change

HAEMORRHAGE

3
Q

What type of lung tumour is often the primary tumour in brain metastasis

A

small cell undifferentiated

4
Q

Meningioma Epidemiology

A
  • Sporadic
  • Post-irradiation
  • Part of NF2
5
Q

meningioma structure

A
  • at sites of arachnoid
  • grossly, well demarcated
  • slowly growing

non-invasive, but erosive and compressive

fits, drowsiness and headaches

surgical removal

6
Q

Gliomas can effect

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendroglia
  • Ependyma/Choroid plexus
  • Microglia – less than 1%
7
Q

Glioma names

A
  • Astrocytomas
  • Oligodendroglioma
  • Ependymoma
  • Choroid plexus tumours
  • Medulloblastoma and PNET
8
Q

WHO classification

A
  • I Localised
  • II Diffuse
  • III Anaplastic astrocytoma
  • I Glioblastoma multiforme
9
Q

Primitive neuroectodermal tumours

A
  • PNET

* Medulloblastoma

10
Q

• Diagnostic & prognostic

A

BRAF Fusion Gene and V600E point mutations

  • Molecularanalysisof LOH1p/19q in astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas
  • IDH1/2mutations better outlook
11
Q

Prognostic or predictive

A

Methylation of MGMT in malignant gliomas

Molecular analysis of EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII mutations in GBM

12
Q

neural peripheral nerve tumours

A

neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma

13
Q

other peripheral nerve tumours

A
  • Schwannoma or neurofibroma

* Remember Cranial nerve VIII: acoustic nerve

14
Q

Schwann cells

A

myelin sheath, axon support

15
Q

Schwannoma

A

within the perineurial sheath in the endoneurium

16
Q

neurofibroma

A

cells between nerve fibres

17
Q

Cafe au lait & neurofibromas

A

coffee stain sign

  • Autosomal dominant
  • 50% spontaneous
18
Q

Neurofibromatosis 2

A

• MISME: Multiple Inherited Schwannomas,
Meningiomas and Ependymomas
• Bilateral acoustic Schwannoma • Merlin NF2