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Flashcards in Learning and Memory Deck (21)
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1
Q

associative learning

A

As cells fire simultaneously they increase the synaptic associations. This results in networks of cells which are synaptically linked

2
Q

Habituation

A

decrease in response (& NT release ) with repeated stimulus

like a background noise that you adapt to drown out

3
Q

Sensitisation

A

increase in response with repeated stimulation – mediated by an interneuron

4
Q

LTD

A

long term depression helps to avoid the whole brain potentiation

5
Q

Short term memory is

A

1) a very brief memory (seconds) either from an external
stimulus or retrieval from a long term memory
2) easily displaced by another stimulus
3) Can be extended into working memory by
a) repetition in a phonic loop (temporal extension) or
b) chunking which links familiar chunks together to extend the size of chunk

6
Q

how do we test short term memory

A

digit span 6-7 is normal

7
Q

chunking

A

phone numbers

07979 635 815

8
Q

Working memory

A

1) The maintenance and integration of information in an active state for a relatively
brief time in order to achieve a short term task or goal
2) Is comprised of a mixture of short and/or retrieved long term memory

8
Q

Working memory

A

1) The maintenance and integration of information in an active state for a relatively
brief time in order to achieve a short term task or goal
2) Is comprised of a mixture of short and/or retrieved long term memory

9
Q

what is the definition of working memory

A

As Short term memory only lasts a few seconds it must be repeatedly re-activated, its reactivation and subsequent duration

10
Q

what are the subdivisions of LTM

A
  • declarative memory

- non-declarative memory

11
Q

what are subdivisions of declarative memory

A

this is conscious !!!

  • semantics (language/facts)
  • episodic (events/experiences)
12
Q

non-declarative or implicit taxonomy

A
  • procedural
  • priming
  • associative learning $
13
Q

what are the 4 parts of learning

A
  1. encoding - memory creation
  2. storage - persistence memory traces
  3. retrieval - memory recovery
  4. consolidation - strengthening of memory traces
14
Q

memory formation

A

A) A series of events are encoded by the hippocampus, and a reference is made to their memory location – hippocampal index (File Allocation Table)
B) If this information is recalled prior to consolidation, the hippocampus performs the retrieval from its index of the events
C) After consolidation of the memory retrieval can be initiated directly from the sensory cortices

15
Q

consolidation

A

this is where there are structural changes at the synapse, LTM us associated with changes in connectivity in networks of neurons predominantly in the cortex

16
Q

what is the basal ganglia pathway for non declarative memory

A
Corpus striatum (part of Basal ganglia) = caudate nucleus + putamen – thought to influence memories involving movement & procedural memory e.g. Olympic diving
Cerebellum – influences fine motor learning including speech movements
17
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

before event

18
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

after event

19
Q

Lesions in either the anterior or dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus, or in the Mammillary bodies can cause

A

anterograde amnesia

20
Q

dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus receives input from

A

temporal lobe structures (like the amygdala of the limbic system) which is then relayed almost exclusively to the frontal cortex (executive function).