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Y3S1 NEURO > PTSD > Flashcards

Flashcards in PTSD Deck (19)
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1
Q

What can trigger PTSD

A
Abuse 
War 
Work related exposure 
Torture 
Assault 
Serious accidents
2
Q

How common is PTSD

A

6.8% combat being the most common trigger for me and sexual molestation for women

Only 25-30% of people who experience trauma will develop PTSD

3
Q

When do symptoms develop

A

Symptoms can develop immediately but can be delayed in less than 15%

4
Q

Why is there trouble assessing PTSD

A

People don’t present for months/years despite suffering greatly, they also don’t want to talk about what happened as patients view the condition as untreatable

5
Q

What are the key symptoms of PTSD

A
Re-experiencing 
Avoidance 
Hyperarousal
Negative alteration in mood and thinking 
Emotional numbing 
Dissociation 
Emotional dysregulation  
Relationship problems 
Negative self perception
6
Q

How is trauma re-experienced

A

Intrusive
Distressing thoughts
Images and flashbacks
Nightmares

Flashbacks feel real

7
Q

What is hyperarousal

A
Physiological reactivity (increased heart rate)
Sleep disturbance 
Irritability 
Anger 
Hyper vigilant
8
Q

Brewin and Holmes conclusion about PTSD patients

A

Feelings of guilt, shame, sadness, betrayal, humiliation and anger

9
Q

Risk factors for PTSD

A
Exposure to traumatic event 
Female sex 
Younger age 
Major life stress events 
Low social support, social disadvantage 
History of mental health disorder
10
Q

Concept of intentional harm

A

Ayers and De Visser concluded intentional harm is more likely to cause PTSD than natural disasters

How deliberate human caused stressors are judged to be also seem to be important

11
Q

What is resilience

A

Adult capacity to maintain healthy psychological and physical functioning

12
Q

What are the characteristics of resilient people

A

Process a flexible adaption to challenges, sense of continuity in their beliefs about themselves/lives, they retain the ability to regenerate positive experiences

13
Q

What are the other physiological factors which contribute to PTSD development

A

Personal impact of the event
Extent of perceived control over future threats
How one is prepared to deal with a stressor
Ones beliefs and assumptions about trauma

14
Q

What is the consensus on genetic predisposition to PTSD

A

5-20% within different populations,

15
Q

Treatment options

A

Psychological prevention and treatment

Pharmacological treatment

16
Q

Prevention of PTSD

A

Psychological debriefing INEFFECTIVE AND INCREASES RISK

secondary traumatisation
Medicalising normal distressing
May prevent potentially protective responses of denial and distancing

17
Q

Psychological interventions for PTSD

A

Cognitive processing
CBT
Narrative exposure therapy
Prolonged exposure therapy

18
Q

EMDR

A

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (12 sessions offered)

19
Q

Pharmacological treatment of PTSD in adults

A

SSRI - Paroxetine and sertraline

Venlafaxine also recommended but off licence

nice recommends CBT and EDMR before medication where possible